The DARKROOM COOKBOOK, Third Edition

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Index A ABC Pyro formula, 231–232, 235–236 Kodak D-1, 59–60 problems, 58–59 variations, 60–61 Accelerators caustic, 25 defi nition, 169 developing agents, 22 mild, 24 moderate, 24–25 properties and uses, 177 substitutions, 329 Acculab VIC-212 scale, 17 Acetic acid, properties and uses, 170–171 Acetone, properties and uses, 170 Acetone sodium bisulfi te, properties and uses, 170 Acid, defi nition, 169 Acid fi xers, characteristics, 105 Acid hardener, formula, 271 Acid hardening fi xer, formula, 272–273 Acid hardening rapid fi xer, formula, 270 Acid hypo fi xer, formula, 269 Acutance, defi nition, 34 Adams, Ansel ABC Pyro variation, 58, 60 Ansco 130 variation, 250–251 darkroom cleanliness, 5 fi nal printmaking, 92 photography principles, 163 Aerosol OT, properties and uses, 173 Agar, properties and uses, 173 Agfa formulas, 212, 224, 241, 247–249, 255, 269 Agitation in fi lm development, 37–39 during fi xation, 107 Air, in darkroom planning, 4 Albumen, in gold toning, 152 Alkali fi xers characteristics, 105–106 formula, 274 Alkaline rapid fi xer, formula, 274 Alkalis caustic, 25 defi nition, 169 developing agents, 22 mild, 24 moderate, 24–25 properties and uses, 177 substitutions, 329 Alnutt, Donald B., 269–270 Aluminum chloride hexahydrate, properties and uses, 175 Aluminum sulfate, properties and uses, 175 Amidol characteristics, 261 as developer, 83 Kodak Amidol Redeveloper, 312 paper developer formulas, 261–263 properties and uses, 175 pyrocatechin formula, 227–228 teaspoon formula, 263 Weston formula, 84–85, 264–265 Ammonia alum, properties and uses, 174 Ammonium bromide, properties and uses, 176 Ammonium carbonate, properties and uses, 176 Ammonium chloride, properties and uses, 176 Ammonium hydroxide, properties and uses, 176 Ammonium persulfate, properties and uses, 176 Ammonium thiocyanate, properties and uses, 176 Ammonium thiosulfate, properties and uses, 177 Ammonium Thiosulfate Reducer formula, 299 overall bleaching, 125
344 INDEX Anhydrous as chemical hydrate, 164 defi nition, 169 Ansco formulas Ansel Adams’ variation, 250–251 preparation, 211, 214–215, 219, 244, 248, 250, 252–253, 256, 263, 275–276, 279–280, 290–292 Antifog No. 1 (Benzotriazole) and image color, 80 properties and uses, 178 restrainers, 26 Antifog No. 2, properties and uses, 177 Antihalation backing, as fi lm component, 34 Archival prints procedure, 199–202 selenium toning for, 200–201 Ascorbic acid developing agents, 29 properties and uses, 171 ATF-1, formula, 269–270 ATF-5, formula, 270 Autotoning developer, formula, 252–253 B Bailey, Jonathan, 293 Baking soda, see Sodium bicarbonate Balance beam, equipment list, 16–17 Balanced Alkali developing agents, 24 properties and uses, 177 Barnbaum, Bruce, 90–92 Bartolozzi Red, formula, 293–294 Base, as fi lm component, 34 Basic Scarlet development by inspection, 136 formula, 309–310 Beakers, equipment list, 18 Beers’ Two-Solution Variable Contrast Developer, formula, 254–255 Bell Tower, Late Afternoon, Northern New Mexico, 102 Below’s amidol paper developer, formula, 262 Benches, darkroom planning, 9 Benzoic acid, properties and uses, 171–172 Benzotriazole (BZT) and image color, 80 properties and uses, 178 restrainers, 26 Berg Selenium Toner®, 114 Bernhard, Ruth, 97, 147 Bisulfi te stop bath, formula, 266 Black and white prints, steaming, 100–101 Bleach-and-redevelopment (B&R) toners, characteristics, 111–112 Bleaching bath formula, 320 and fi xers, 127–128 local, 126 overall, 125–126 prints, 132 reversal processing, 141 Blue-black tones achieving, 81 developer formula, 245 Blue gold toner, formula, 276 Blue toners, formulas, 275–279 <strong>The</strong> Book of Pyro, 66 Booth, Mark, 221–222 Borax developing agents, 24 formula, 322 properties and uses, 178 Bottles, equipment list, 17 Brandt, Bill, 33, 103 Brett Weston & 11 � 14 Camera, 75 Bright red tones, developer formulas, 258–259 Broken Vase, 67 Bromide papers, 77, 80 in print development, 74 Bromocresol purple, properties and uses, 178 Brown-black tones, developer formula, 258, 260 Brown Copper Toner®, 114 Brown-tone paper developer, formula, 255 Brown toners, formulas, 279–287 B&R toners, see Bleach-and-redevelopment (B&R) toners Brush, for paper coating, 149 Buetler, Willi, 220–221 Buffers, developing agents, 24 Bullock, Wynn, 5, 50 BZT, see Benzotriazole (BZT)
Page 2 and 3:
The Darkroom Cookbook
Page 4 and 5:
The DARKROOM COOKBOOK Third Edition
Page 6 and 7:
Dedication This book is dedicated t
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Table of Contents PREFACE ix ACKNOW
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Preface The Darkroom Cookbook is ba
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Preface xi Which brings us to the q
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Acknowledgments There are two husba
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Introduction Today everybody seems
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Introduction xvii coating your own
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Contributing Photographers Bruce Ba
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Contributing Photographers xxi Gord
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Contributing Photographers xxiii Jo
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List of Formulas Many of the formul
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Push-Processing Formulas 230 47. Di
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Amidol Paper Developer 261 105. Ami
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Selenium Toners 294 162. Dassonvill
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Planning a Darkroom Art does not de
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Planning a Darkroom 3 Core® availa
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Planning a Darkroom 5 available as
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Placement of Equipment and Workfl o
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Planning a Darkroom 9 Floors call f
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Planning a Darkroom 11 for modern e
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How Safe Is Your Safelight? Richard
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Equipment People are under the illu
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Equipment 17 customary models. It i
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Developers One developing agent is
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Developers 21 quantity of metol to
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Developers 23 pH Scale The pH scale
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Developers 25 Anhydrous, having no
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Potassium Iodide Developers 27 Alth
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Ascorbic Acid: Developing Agent or
Page 64 and 65:
Developers 31 Alicia De Larocha, so
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Film Development It is the photogra
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Film Development 35 ● Conventiona
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Film Development 37 include Efke IR
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Film Development 39 cycle per minut
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Film Development 41 minimum. Howeve
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Film Development 43 fi rst 60 secon
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Film Development 45 Not long after
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Film Development 47 These disadvant
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REPLENISHMENT OF DEVELOPERS Film De
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Film Development 51 Flower Composit
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Film Development 53 Yvette at the C
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Monobath Film Developing 55 possibl
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Washing Monobath Film Developing 57
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 59 in A
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 61 Edwa
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 63 A la
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Crystal Springs #659, 2002. © 2008
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Broken Vase, 2002. © 2008 Gordon H
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 69 Test
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Print Developers They say my print
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Print Developers 73 when a limited
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Print Developers 75 Brett Weston &
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Printing Methods and Techniques Tak
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Printing Methods and Techniques 79
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Cold Tones (Blue-black) Printing Me
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Manipulating Exposure and Developme
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#2-5041, 1996. © 2008 Henry Gilpin
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Four French Tulips, Carmel, Califor
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Sequoias and Sunburst, 1976. © 200
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Page 130 and 131:
Rescuing Thin Shadows Saïd Nuseibe
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Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Stop Baths and Fixers Surely, it is
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Stops Baths and Fixers 105 concentr
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Stops Baths and Fixers 107 determin
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Toning Prints There is a road from
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TONER TEST STRIPS Toning Prints 111
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Toning Prints 113 gold toning for c
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Toning Prints 115 The sepia/sulfi d
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Multiple Toning Toning Prints 117 I
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Toning Prints 119 and selenium �
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K49 Jellyfi sh, 2008. © 2008 Ryuij
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Photographic Reduction and Intensif
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Page 160 and 161:
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Page 164 and 165:
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Pitman Arm, 2000. © 2008 Jay Dusar
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SAFELIGHT Development by inspection
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PYRO AND DEVELOPMENT BY INSPECTION
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leak light. What is important is th
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Procedure for Reversal Processing R
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Reversal Processing and Enlarged Ne
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Procedure for Making an Enlarged Ne
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Printing Out Processes You must alw
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Printing Out Processes 149 Caution:
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Printing Out Processes 151 over the
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Printing Out Processes 153 Sleeples
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Printing Out Processes 155 Add the
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Printing Out Processes 157 Camera O
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Safety in Handling Photographic Che
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Safety in Handling Photographic Che
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Chemicals Photography, in the fi na
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Chemicals 165 In this 3rd edition o
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Chemicals 167 ethylenediaminetetraa
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Pharmacopoeia The artist lives to e
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Pharmacopoeia 171 Glacial acetic ac
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Pharmacopoeia 173 Uses: Preservativ
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Pharmacopoeia 175 ALUM, POTASSIUM S
Page 210 and 211:
Pharmacopoeia 177 AMMONIUM THIOSULF
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BROMIDE (see Potassium bromide) Pha
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Appearance: Greenish crystalline sc
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HYPO (see Sodium Thiosulfate) Pharm
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Pharmacopoeia 185 working. Tropical
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Pharmacopoeia 187 Uses: To precipit
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Pharmacopoeia 189 Uses: As a preser
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SODA (see Sodium carbonate) Pharmac
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Pharmacopoeia 193 Notes: Caustic al
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Pharmacopoeia 195 SODIUM SULFITE Sy
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Proofi ng for Maximum Black The cam
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Archival Print Procedure Appendix 1
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Archival Print Procedure 201 7. At
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Formulas FILM DEVELOPERS Developmen
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
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SOLUTION B Formulas 209 Water at 90
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Dilution B Distilled water at 125F/
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4 minutes: water without agitation.
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Metol, 3.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 45.0
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Borax, granular, 7.0 g Boric acid,
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Formulas 219 Use as you would XTOL.
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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Stock Solution B Water at 125F/52C,
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Formulas 227 Sodium hydroxide, 17.6
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FORMULA #45 Keelan’s Monobath (H.
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The development times at 68F/20C ar
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Pyro, 28.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 100.0
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Formulas 235 NOTE 1: To help preser
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SOLUTION B Distilled water, 750.0 m
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Sodium sulfi te, 90.0 g Water to ma
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Metol, 12.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 90.0
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Developing time and procedures are
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FORMULA #69 Blue-Black Developer Fo
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Formulas 247 Benzotriazole, 0.2 g G
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FORMULA #78 Gevaert G.253 Soft-Port
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Hydroquinone, 10.0 g Water to make
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Sodium carbonate, monohydrate, 138.
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Sodium sulfi te, 23.0 g *Potassium
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Formulas 257 and then processed fol
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Normal exposure should be determine
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Pyro, 4.4 g Sodium carbonate, monoh
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FORMULA #108 Amidol Teaspoon Formul
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Amidol, 16.0 g 10% potassium bromid
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Formulas 267 Add a suffi cient amou
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FORMULA #123 Acid Hypo (J. Ghislain
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Formulas 271 When the above is thor
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Formulas 273 FILM: Film should be c
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TONERS Formulas 275 ● Different p
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Formulas 277 Add 16 drops of concen
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With stirring add: Thiourea, 1.0 g
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Formulas 281 This solution should b
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SOLUTION A *Potassium bichromate, 5
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Prepare the bleaching bath as follo
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Formulas 287 Using the Toner: Print
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*Glacial acetic acid, 5.0 ml Water
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Formulas 291 the solubility of the
Page 326 and 327: FORMULA #158 Kodak GP-2 (Thanks to
Page 328 and 329: Formulas 295 Dissolve the sodium su
Page 330 and 331: Formulas 297 As with Kodak Rapid Se
Page 332 and 333: Formulas 299 After treatment in the
Page 334 and 335: FORMULA #169 Flattening Reducer For
Page 336 and 337: Formulas 303 To use, take 2 parts o
Page 338 and 339: NEGATIVE INTENSIFIERS FORMULA #176
Page 340 and 341: STOCK SOLUTION #4 Metol, 6.5 g Sodi
Page 342 and 343: Formulas 309 Add 30.0 ml of Solutio
Page 344 and 345: Keep hands in Solution A for a few
Page 346 and 347: Distilled water, 180.0 ml Potassium
Page 348 and 349: FORMULA #194 Kodak SH-5 Formulas 31
Page 350 and 351: FORMULA #197 Kodak TC-3 Stain Remov
Page 352 and 353: Formulas 319 Development time is 8-
Page 354 and 355: Sodium metabisulfi te, 10.0 g Boric
Page 356 and 357: Conversion Tables DIRECT EQUIVALENT
Page 358 and 359: Direct equivalents (Continued) Conv
Page 360 and 361: 0.7 � 10 0.8 � 11.7 0.9 � 13
Page 362 and 363: 225 ml � 7.2 fl oz 250 ml � 8 f
Page 364 and 365: Sodium Carbonate Conversion Table C
Page 366 and 367: Conversion Tables 333 always possib
Page 368 and 369: TABLE 5 Film Development Temperatur
Page 370 and 371: Material Sources 337 RH Designs (St
Page 372 and 373: Azo Forum, www.michaelandpaula.com/
Page 374 and 375: Bibliography 341 James, T.H. The Th
Page 378 and 379: C Cabinets, darkroom planning, 9 Ca
Page 380 and 381: fi ne-grain, 44, 211-214 general-pu
Page 382 and 383: Filters and safelights, 10-11 in th
Page 384 and 385: In-cassette processing developing,
Page 386 and 387: Panchromatic paper, and safelights,
Page 388 and 389: and development by inspection, 137
Page 390 and 391: Strong ammonium thiosulfate reducer
Page 392: Weston amidol developers, formulas,
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