The DARKROOM COOKBOOK, Third Edition

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Equipment 17 customary models. It is accurate enough for quantities to 100.0 grams and has a good counterbalance system. The next step up in a mechanical balance is the Ohaus Triple Beam Balance. The Ohaus will weigh up to 610.0 grams in 0.1 gram increments, which is more than enough for a small darkroom. An electronic digital scale, such as a digital postal scale that reads in 0.1 increments, takes up less counter space and is accurate enough for darkroom work. You can even use an electronic scale made for measuring powder to make bullets. If you will often be weighing small amounts of chemicals such as Phenidone, you will need a scale with readability to 0.01 grams. However, going from 0.1 grams to 0.01 grams readability almost doubles the price of the scale. If you feel you need 0.01 gram readability, a suitable model is Acculab’s VIC-212 with 210.0 gram capacity. A standard-issue two pound spring-loaded postage scale found in most stationery stores is also handy to have. This can be used for quick weighing of large amounts where accuracy is not critical—for example, weighing one pound of sodium thiosulfate for a standard hypo bath. I have a two-pound Pelouze postage scale for just this purpose. The best part is you do not have to worry if the postage rates go up! TEASPOON MEASUREMENT Even though a teaspoon conversion table can be found in the Conversion Tables at the end of the book, a completely accurate conversion of weight to volume is not possible. This is because as chemicals age they absorb or lose water molecules, which can cause a change in weight but not volume. As teaspoon measurement deals with volume, not weight, it is arguably more accurate than weighing. This is because were you to measure a level teaspoon of fresh sodium carbonate today, and again in a month or two from the same bottle, the second teaspoonful would weigh more because of water absorption. If you are consistent in your work habits, teaspoon measurement should prove to be as reliable as using a scale, especially since the change in weight caused by water absorption (or loss) affects the potency of chemicals measured by weight, as well. STORAGE BOTTLES Maintain a good selection of photo-grade storage bottles. Starting with 250.0 ml, double the size and have several containers that are 500.0 ml, 1.0 liter, 2.0 liter, and 4.0 liter. Photo storage bottles can be purchased from many photography stores and any chemical outlet. A list of chemical outlets is found in Resources. Developers should be kept in brown amber glass bottles, particularly if stored for more than a few weeks. This is because developers easily oxidize and lose their potency when exposed to air and/or light. Plastic bottles breathe and will speed the rate of oxidation. Highdensity polyethylene storage bottles are suitable for solutions of fi xer, stop bath, bromide, carbonate, and just about anything except developers.
18 THE DARKROOM COOKBOOK BEAKERS, MIXING CONTAINERS, AND GRADUATES In addition to bottles, you will fi nd it convenient to have a selection of measuring graduates, beakers, and mixing containers. A graduate is a tall cylinder with markings on the side used for measuring liquids. A beaker is wider and sometimes has a handle; it may or may not have units of measurement on it. Graduates are primarily used for measuring liquids; beakers can be used for measuring but are more useful for mixing and pouring. For the utmost convenience you should eventually obtain at least three graduates— 25.0 ml, 100.0 ml, and 1.0 liter. The 1.0 liter graduate can be used in place of a 1.0 liter beaker for mixing. In addition to a 1.0 liter beaker or graduate, a 4.0 liter beaker is indispensable.
Page 2 and 3: The Darkroom Cookbook
Page 4 and 5: The DARKROOM COOKBOOK Third Edition
Page 6 and 7: Dedication This book is dedicated t
Page 8 and 9: Table of Contents PREFACE ix ACKNOW
Page 10 and 11: Preface The Darkroom Cookbook is ba
Page 12 and 13: Preface xi Which brings us to the q
Page 14 and 15: Acknowledgments There are two husba
Page 16 and 17: Introduction Today everybody seems
Page 18 and 19: Introduction xvii coating your own
Page 20 and 21: Contributing Photographers Bruce Ba
Page 22 and 23: Contributing Photographers xxi Gord
Page 24 and 25: Contributing Photographers xxiii Jo
Page 26 and 27: List of Formulas Many of the formul
Page 28 and 29: Push-Processing Formulas 230 47. Di
Page 30 and 31: Amidol Paper Developer 261 105. Ami
Page 32 and 33: Selenium Toners 294 162. Dassonvill
Page 34 and 35: Planning a Darkroom Art does not de
Page 36 and 37: Planning a Darkroom 3 Core® availa
Page 38 and 39: Planning a Darkroom 5 available as
Page 40 and 41: Placement of Equipment and Workfl o
Page 42 and 43: Planning a Darkroom 9 Floors call f
Page 44 and 45: Planning a Darkroom 11 for modern e
Page 46 and 47: How Safe Is Your Safelight? Richard
Page 48 and 49: Equipment People are under the illu
Page 52 and 53: Developers One developing agent is
Page 54 and 55: Developers 21 quantity of metol to
Page 56 and 57: Developers 23 pH Scale The pH scale
Page 58 and 59: Developers 25 Anhydrous, having no
Page 60 and 61: Potassium Iodide Developers 27 Alth
Page 62 and 63: Ascorbic Acid: Developing Agent or
Page 64 and 65: Developers 31 Alicia De Larocha, so
Page 66 and 67: Film Development It is the photogra
Page 68 and 69: Film Development 35 ● Conventiona
Page 70 and 71: Film Development 37 include Efke IR
Page 72 and 73: Film Development 39 cycle per minut
Page 74 and 75: Film Development 41 minimum. Howeve
Page 76 and 77: Film Development 43 fi rst 60 secon
Page 78 and 79: Film Development 45 Not long after
Page 80 and 81: Film Development 47 These disadvant
Page 82 and 83: REPLENISHMENT OF DEVELOPERS Film De
Page 84 and 85: Film Development 51 Flower Composit
Page 86 and 87: Film Development 53 Yvette at the C
Page 88 and 89: Monobath Film Developing 55 possibl
Page 90 and 91: Washing Monobath Film Developing 57
Page 92 and 93: Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 59 in A
Page 94 and 95: Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 61 Edwa
Page 96 and 97: Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 63 A la
Page 98 and 99: Crystal Springs #659, 2002. © 2008
Page 100 and 101:
Broken Vase, 2002. © 2008 Gordon H
Page 102 and 103:
Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 69 Test
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Print Developers They say my print
Page 106 and 107:
Print Developers 73 when a limited
Page 108 and 109:
Print Developers 75 Brett Weston &
Page 110 and 111:
Printing Methods and Techniques Tak
Page 112 and 113:
Printing Methods and Techniques 79
Page 114 and 115:
Cold Tones (Blue-black) Printing Me
Page 116 and 117:
Manipulating Exposure and Developme
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
#2-5041, 1996. © 2008 Henry Gilpin
Page 122 and 123:
Four French Tulips, Carmel, Califor
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Sequoias and Sunburst, 1976. © 200
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Rescuing Thin Shadows Saïd Nuseibe
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Stop Baths and Fixers Surely, it is
Page 138 and 139:
Stops Baths and Fixers 105 concentr
Page 140 and 141:
Stops Baths and Fixers 107 determin
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Toning Prints There is a road from
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TONER TEST STRIPS Toning Prints 111
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Toning Prints 113 gold toning for c
Page 148 and 149:
Toning Prints 115 The sepia/sulfi d
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Multiple Toning Toning Prints 117 I
Page 152 and 153:
Toning Prints 119 and selenium �
Page 154 and 155:
K49 Jellyfi sh, 2008. © 2008 Ryuij
Page 156 and 157:
Photographic Reduction and Intensif
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Pitman Arm, 2000. © 2008 Jay Dusar
Page 168 and 169:
SAFELIGHT Development by inspection
Page 170 and 171:
PYRO AND DEVELOPMENT BY INSPECTION
Page 172 and 173:
leak light. What is important is th
Page 174 and 175:
Procedure for Reversal Processing R
Page 176 and 177:
Reversal Processing and Enlarged Ne
Page 178 and 179:
Procedure for Making an Enlarged Ne
Page 180 and 181:
Printing Out Processes You must alw
Page 182 and 183:
Printing Out Processes 149 Caution:
Page 184 and 185:
Printing Out Processes 151 over the
Page 186 and 187:
Printing Out Processes 153 Sleeples
Page 188 and 189:
Printing Out Processes 155 Add the
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Printing Out Processes 157 Camera O
Page 192 and 193:
Safety in Handling Photographic Che
Page 194 and 195:
Safety in Handling Photographic Che
Page 196 and 197:
Chemicals Photography, in the fi na
Page 198 and 199:
Chemicals 165 In this 3rd edition o
Page 200 and 201:
Chemicals 167 ethylenediaminetetraa
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Pharmacopoeia The artist lives to e
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Pharmacopoeia 171 Glacial acetic ac
Page 206 and 207:
Pharmacopoeia 173 Uses: Preservativ
Page 208 and 209:
Pharmacopoeia 175 ALUM, POTASSIUM S
Page 210 and 211:
Pharmacopoeia 177 AMMONIUM THIOSULF
Page 212 and 213:
BROMIDE (see Potassium bromide) Pha
Page 214 and 215:
Appearance: Greenish crystalline sc
Page 216 and 217:
HYPO (see Sodium Thiosulfate) Pharm
Page 218 and 219:
Pharmacopoeia 185 working. Tropical
Page 220 and 221:
Pharmacopoeia 187 Uses: To precipit
Page 222 and 223:
Pharmacopoeia 189 Uses: As a preser
Page 224 and 225:
SODA (see Sodium carbonate) Pharmac
Page 226 and 227:
Pharmacopoeia 193 Notes: Caustic al
Page 228 and 229:
Pharmacopoeia 195 SODIUM SULFITE Sy
Page 230 and 231:
Proofi ng for Maximum Black The cam
Page 232 and 233:
Archival Print Procedure Appendix 1
Page 234 and 235:
Archival Print Procedure 201 7. At
Page 236 and 237:
Formulas FILM DEVELOPERS Developmen
Page 238 and 239:
SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
Page 242 and 243:
SOLUTION B Formulas 209 Water at 90
Page 244 and 245:
Dilution B Distilled water at 125F/
Page 246 and 247:
4 minutes: water without agitation.
Page 248 and 249:
Metol, 3.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 45.0
Page 250 and 251:
Borax, granular, 7.0 g Boric acid,
Page 252 and 253:
Formulas 219 Use as you would XTOL.
Page 254 and 255:
SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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Stock Solution B Water at 125F/52C,
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Formulas 227 Sodium hydroxide, 17.6
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FORMULA #45 Keelan’s Monobath (H.
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The development times at 68F/20C ar
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Pyro, 28.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 100.0
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Formulas 235 NOTE 1: To help preser
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SOLUTION B Distilled water, 750.0 m
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Sodium sulfi te, 90.0 g Water to ma
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Metol, 12.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 90.0
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Developing time and procedures are
Page 278 and 279:
FORMULA #69 Blue-Black Developer Fo
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Formulas 247 Benzotriazole, 0.2 g G
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FORMULA #78 Gevaert G.253 Soft-Port
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Hydroquinone, 10.0 g Water to make
Page 286 and 287:
Sodium carbonate, monohydrate, 138.
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Sodium sulfi te, 23.0 g *Potassium
Page 290 and 291:
Formulas 257 and then processed fol
Page 292 and 293:
Normal exposure should be determine
Page 294 and 295:
Pyro, 4.4 g Sodium carbonate, monoh
Page 296 and 297:
FORMULA #108 Amidol Teaspoon Formul
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Amidol, 16.0 g 10% potassium bromid
Page 300 and 301:
Formulas 267 Add a suffi cient amou
Page 302 and 303:
FORMULA #123 Acid Hypo (J. Ghislain
Page 304 and 305:
Formulas 271 When the above is thor
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Formulas 273 FILM: Film should be c
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TONERS Formulas 275 ● Different p
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Formulas 277 Add 16 drops of concen
Page 312 and 313:
With stirring add: Thiourea, 1.0 g
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Formulas 281 This solution should b
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SOLUTION A *Potassium bichromate, 5
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Prepare the bleaching bath as follo
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Formulas 287 Using the Toner: Print
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*Glacial acetic acid, 5.0 ml Water
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Formulas 291 the solubility of the
Page 326 and 327:
FORMULA #158 Kodak GP-2 (Thanks to
Page 328 and 329:
Formulas 295 Dissolve the sodium su
Page 330 and 331:
Formulas 297 As with Kodak Rapid Se
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Formulas 299 After treatment in the
Page 334 and 335:
FORMULA #169 Flattening Reducer For
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Formulas 303 To use, take 2 parts o
Page 338 and 339:
NEGATIVE INTENSIFIERS FORMULA #176
Page 340 and 341:
STOCK SOLUTION #4 Metol, 6.5 g Sodi
Page 342 and 343:
Formulas 309 Add 30.0 ml of Solutio
Page 344 and 345:
Keep hands in Solution A for a few
Page 346 and 347:
Distilled water, 180.0 ml Potassium
Page 348 and 349:
FORMULA #194 Kodak SH-5 Formulas 31
Page 350 and 351:
FORMULA #197 Kodak TC-3 Stain Remov
Page 352 and 353:
Formulas 319 Development time is 8-
Page 354 and 355:
Sodium metabisulfi te, 10.0 g Boric
Page 356 and 357:
Conversion Tables DIRECT EQUIVALENT
Page 358 and 359:
Direct equivalents (Continued) Conv
Page 360 and 361:
0.7 � 10 0.8 � 11.7 0.9 � 13
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225 ml � 7.2 fl oz 250 ml � 8 f
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Sodium Carbonate Conversion Table C
Page 366 and 367:
Conversion Tables 333 always possib
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TABLE 5 Film Development Temperatur
Page 370 and 371:
Material Sources 337 RH Designs (St
Page 372 and 373:
Azo Forum, www.michaelandpaula.com/
Page 374 and 375:
Bibliography 341 James, T.H. The Th
Page 376 and 377:
Index A ABC Pyro formula, 231-232,
Page 378 and 379:
C Cabinets, darkroom planning, 9 Ca
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fi ne-grain, 44, 211-214 general-pu
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Filters and safelights, 10-11 in th
Page 384 and 385:
In-cassette processing developing,
Page 386 and 387:
Panchromatic paper, and safelights,
Page 388 and 389:
and development by inspection, 137
Page 390 and 391:
Strong ammonium thiosulfate reducer
Page 392:
Weston amidol developers, formulas,
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