The DARKROOM COOKBOOK, Third Edition

244 THE DARKROOM COOKBOOK
both amounts into percentage solutions. Mix a 2% solution of benzotriazole (2.0 grams per
100.0 ml) and a 10% solution of bromide (10.0 grams per 100.0 ml). Then, substituting 10.0 ml
of 2% benzotriazole will give the same results as 1.0 ml of 10% bromide.
Cold Tones with PQ Developers
● Eliminate the bromide and replace it entirely with a 1% benzotriazole solution.
● Increase the benzotriazole content up to 15.0 ml of 1% solution per liter.
● Substitute Phenidone and benzotriazole for metol and bromide.
NOTE: The more benzotriazole used, the bluer the tone is likely to be. However, if there is too
much benzotriazole, paper development will be entirely suppressed.
Neutral Tones
● Eliminate or reduce the amount of bromide and/or substitute benzotriazole or Edwal’s Liquid
Orthazite.
Warm Tones
● Reduce the amount of sodium carbonate (too little carbonate will result in a fl at, muddy print).
● Substitute potassium carbonate for sodium carbonate.
● Increase the amount of potassium bromide. Use a 10% bromide solution. Start with 30.0 ml to
120.0 ml. After that, increase by 30.0 ml until the tones suit you or fogging occurs.
● With the right paper and developer combination, increasing exposure and using shorter development
times will enhance warm tones.
● Dilute fresh developer with up to 50% used developer. If you like warm tones in your images,
keep a bottle of used developer on the shelf.
● The quality of the negative plays an important part in the creation of warm tones by direct development.
The best results are obtained from negatives of good contrast and printing density.
Cold-Tone Developers
FORMULA #68
Ansco 103
(Thanks to John J. Cahill)
Water at 125F/52C, 750.0 ml
Metol, 3.5 g
Sodium sulfi te, anhydrous, 45.0 g
Hydroquinone, 11.5 g
Sodium carbonate, monohydrate, 78.0 g
*Potassium bromide, 1.2 g
Water to make 1.0 liter
* For coldest tones, use 0.6 grams of bromide (6.0 ml of a 10% bromide solution) and add 25.0 ml of
a 1% benzotriazole solution. The small amount of bromide will help maintain consistent print color.
Dilute 1:2.