The DARKROOM COOKBOOK, Third Edition

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Planning a Darkroom 11 for modern emulsions). Panchromatic papers (for example, discontinued Kodak Panalure® Select RC) are sensitive to all colors and require the use of a low-intensity Kodak #3 darkgreen fi lter. Orthochromatic or red-blind materials such as high-contrast line fi lms (also known as lith fi lms) used in the graphic arts, can be handled using a high-intensity Kodak #1A or 2 red fi lter. Except in very small darkrooms you should use more than one safelight. The primary light should be placed so that the illumination is evenly distributed over the entire area. This could be a safelight aimed at the ceiling, especially if the ceiling is painted fl at white. A second location would be over the processing sink. Place the safelight at least four feet above the sink. If the light is aimed down, use a 15-watt frosted bulb. If it is bounced off a white ceiling use a 25-watt frosted bulb. If your darkroom is large enough, place a third safelight over the dry side in the same manner as over the wet side. If the size of your darkroom warrants it, use a Thomas Sodium Vapor Duplex Safelight. TEMPORARY DARKROOMS There are many small spaces that can be converted for darkroom use: a bathroom, a closet, or storage shed in the backyard. Temporary work spaces can be made in a bathroom by placing a 12 inch-wide board from the top of the toilet to the edge of the bathroom sink, or a piece of plywood covering the bathtub. You can use a short stool to sit on. Or, you can attach legs to the board; raising it to a more comfortable work height. These can be folding legs, for ease of storage. Finally, you can build a portable darkroom on a rolling cart. Substantial carts can be purchased that are designed as kitchen islands or butcher blocks on wheels. Chemicals, paper, etc. can be stored on the shelves, dodging tools and the like in the drawers, and the enlarger used and stored on top. The whole thing can be wheeled into the kitchen after the dishes are washed and then wheeled into a closet or the garage for storage. For a lot less money and a little effort it is easy to build a cart to your specifi cations using 2 � 2 inch lumber and 3/4 inch to 1 inch plywood (do not use 1/2 inch plywood as it will not stay fl at). Removing your enlarger from the baseboard it comes with and bolting it directly to the far edge of the plywood will greatly increase your working space and lower the top of the enlarger by an inch or so, making it easier to roll through doorways. The top of the cart should be about 30 inches to 32 inches from the ground depending on 1) your height, or 2) the height of the doorways you need to maneuver through. Attach good-quality rolling casters to the feet so that the table with the enlarger moves smoothly across the fl oor. You can extend the top with a hinged fl ap on one or both ends with hardware available from a hardware store. This will allow the cart to take up less room for storage. Attach a piece of plywood across the bottom and add a shelf in the middle—both should be bounded by 2 � 4 inches lumber or strips of excess plywood to keep things from falling off when you are moving the cart around. Store wet-side materials, such as liquids, trays, etc., on the bottom shelf and dry-side materials, such as powders, focusing devices, easels, and a paper safe on the middle shelf so they do not inadvertently get dripped on. See Figure 1-6.
12 THE DARKROOM COOKBOOK Folding Leaf 2�4" Enlarger 3/4" to 1" Plywood Figure 1-6 This is an example of a do-it-yourself roll away darkroom cart. The enlarger column has been bolted to the plywood to save space and lower the overall height (optional). Shelf
Page 2 and 3: The Darkroom Cookbook
Page 4 and 5: The DARKROOM COOKBOOK Third Edition
Page 6 and 7: Dedication This book is dedicated t
Page 8 and 9: Table of Contents PREFACE ix ACKNOW
Page 10 and 11: Preface The Darkroom Cookbook is ba
Page 12 and 13: Preface xi Which brings us to the q
Page 14 and 15: Acknowledgments There are two husba
Page 16 and 17: Introduction Today everybody seems
Page 18 and 19: Introduction xvii coating your own
Page 20 and 21: Contributing Photographers Bruce Ba
Page 22 and 23: Contributing Photographers xxi Gord
Page 24 and 25: Contributing Photographers xxiii Jo
Page 26 and 27: List of Formulas Many of the formul
Page 28 and 29: Push-Processing Formulas 230 47. Di
Page 30 and 31: Amidol Paper Developer 261 105. Ami
Page 32 and 33: Selenium Toners 294 162. Dassonvill
Page 34 and 35: Planning a Darkroom Art does not de
Page 36 and 37: Planning a Darkroom 3 Core® availa
Page 38 and 39: Planning a Darkroom 5 available as
Page 40 and 41: Placement of Equipment and Workfl o
Page 42 and 43: Planning a Darkroom 9 Floors call f
Page 46 and 47: How Safe Is Your Safelight? Richard
Page 48 and 49: Equipment People are under the illu
Page 50 and 51: Equipment 17 customary models. It i
Page 52 and 53: Developers One developing agent is
Page 54 and 55: Developers 21 quantity of metol to
Page 56 and 57: Developers 23 pH Scale The pH scale
Page 58 and 59: Developers 25 Anhydrous, having no
Page 60 and 61: Potassium Iodide Developers 27 Alth
Page 62 and 63: Ascorbic Acid: Developing Agent or
Page 64 and 65: Developers 31 Alicia De Larocha, so
Page 66 and 67: Film Development It is the photogra
Page 68 and 69: Film Development 35 ● Conventiona
Page 70 and 71: Film Development 37 include Efke IR
Page 72 and 73: Film Development 39 cycle per minut
Page 74 and 75: Film Development 41 minimum. Howeve
Page 76 and 77: Film Development 43 fi rst 60 secon
Page 78 and 79: Film Development 45 Not long after
Page 80 and 81: Film Development 47 These disadvant
Page 82 and 83: REPLENISHMENT OF DEVELOPERS Film De
Page 84 and 85: Film Development 51 Flower Composit
Page 86 and 87: Film Development 53 Yvette at the C
Page 88 and 89: Monobath Film Developing 55 possibl
Page 90 and 91: Washing Monobath Film Developing 57
Page 92 and 93: Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 59 in A
Page 94 and 95:
Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 61 Edwa
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 63 A la
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Crystal Springs #659, 2002. © 2008
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Broken Vase, 2002. © 2008 Gordon H
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 69 Test
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Print Developers They say my print
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Print Developers 73 when a limited
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Print Developers 75 Brett Weston &
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Printing Methods and Techniques Tak
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Printing Methods and Techniques 79
Page 114 and 115:
Cold Tones (Blue-black) Printing Me
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Manipulating Exposure and Developme
Page 118 and 119:
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#2-5041, 1996. © 2008 Henry Gilpin
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Four French Tulips, Carmel, Califor
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Page 126 and 127:
Sequoias and Sunburst, 1976. © 200
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Page 130 and 131:
Rescuing Thin Shadows Saïd Nuseibe
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Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Stop Baths and Fixers Surely, it is
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Stops Baths and Fixers 105 concentr
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Stops Baths and Fixers 107 determin
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Toning Prints There is a road from
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TONER TEST STRIPS Toning Prints 111
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Toning Prints 113 gold toning for c
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Toning Prints 115 The sepia/sulfi d
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Multiple Toning Toning Prints 117 I
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Toning Prints 119 and selenium �
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K49 Jellyfi sh, 2008. © 2008 Ryuij
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Photographic Reduction and Intensif
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Pitman Arm, 2000. © 2008 Jay Dusar
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SAFELIGHT Development by inspection
Page 170 and 171:
PYRO AND DEVELOPMENT BY INSPECTION
Page 172 and 173:
leak light. What is important is th
Page 174 and 175:
Procedure for Reversal Processing R
Page 176 and 177:
Reversal Processing and Enlarged Ne
Page 178 and 179:
Procedure for Making an Enlarged Ne
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Printing Out Processes You must alw
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Printing Out Processes 149 Caution:
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Printing Out Processes 151 over the
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Printing Out Processes 153 Sleeples
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Printing Out Processes 155 Add the
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Printing Out Processes 157 Camera O
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Safety in Handling Photographic Che
Page 194 and 195:
Safety in Handling Photographic Che
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Chemicals Photography, in the fi na
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Chemicals 165 In this 3rd edition o
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Chemicals 167 ethylenediaminetetraa
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Pharmacopoeia The artist lives to e
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Pharmacopoeia 171 Glacial acetic ac
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Pharmacopoeia 173 Uses: Preservativ
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Pharmacopoeia 175 ALUM, POTASSIUM S
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Pharmacopoeia 177 AMMONIUM THIOSULF
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BROMIDE (see Potassium bromide) Pha
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Appearance: Greenish crystalline sc
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HYPO (see Sodium Thiosulfate) Pharm
Page 218 and 219:
Pharmacopoeia 185 working. Tropical
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Pharmacopoeia 187 Uses: To precipit
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Pharmacopoeia 189 Uses: As a preser
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SODA (see Sodium carbonate) Pharmac
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Pharmacopoeia 193 Notes: Caustic al
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Pharmacopoeia 195 SODIUM SULFITE Sy
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Proofi ng for Maximum Black The cam
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Archival Print Procedure Appendix 1
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Archival Print Procedure 201 7. At
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Formulas FILM DEVELOPERS Developmen
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
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SOLUTION B Formulas 209 Water at 90
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Dilution B Distilled water at 125F/
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4 minutes: water without agitation.
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Metol, 3.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 45.0
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Borax, granular, 7.0 g Boric acid,
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Formulas 219 Use as you would XTOL.
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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Stock Solution B Water at 125F/52C,
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Formulas 227 Sodium hydroxide, 17.6
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FORMULA #45 Keelan’s Monobath (H.
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The development times at 68F/20C ar
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Pyro, 28.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 100.0
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Formulas 235 NOTE 1: To help preser
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SOLUTION B Distilled water, 750.0 m
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Sodium sulfi te, 90.0 g Water to ma
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Metol, 12.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 90.0
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Developing time and procedures are
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FORMULA #69 Blue-Black Developer Fo
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Formulas 247 Benzotriazole, 0.2 g G
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FORMULA #78 Gevaert G.253 Soft-Port
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Hydroquinone, 10.0 g Water to make
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Sodium carbonate, monohydrate, 138.
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Sodium sulfi te, 23.0 g *Potassium
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Formulas 257 and then processed fol
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Normal exposure should be determine
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Pyro, 4.4 g Sodium carbonate, monoh
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FORMULA #108 Amidol Teaspoon Formul
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Amidol, 16.0 g 10% potassium bromid
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Formulas 267 Add a suffi cient amou
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FORMULA #123 Acid Hypo (J. Ghislain
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Formulas 271 When the above is thor
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Formulas 273 FILM: Film should be c
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TONERS Formulas 275 ● Different p
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Formulas 277 Add 16 drops of concen
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With stirring add: Thiourea, 1.0 g
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Formulas 281 This solution should b
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SOLUTION A *Potassium bichromate, 5
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Prepare the bleaching bath as follo
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Formulas 287 Using the Toner: Print
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*Glacial acetic acid, 5.0 ml Water
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Formulas 291 the solubility of the
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FORMULA #158 Kodak GP-2 (Thanks to
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Formulas 295 Dissolve the sodium su
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Formulas 297 As with Kodak Rapid Se
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Formulas 299 After treatment in the
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FORMULA #169 Flattening Reducer For
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Formulas 303 To use, take 2 parts o
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NEGATIVE INTENSIFIERS FORMULA #176
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STOCK SOLUTION #4 Metol, 6.5 g Sodi
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Formulas 309 Add 30.0 ml of Solutio
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Keep hands in Solution A for a few
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Distilled water, 180.0 ml Potassium
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FORMULA #194 Kodak SH-5 Formulas 31
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FORMULA #197 Kodak TC-3 Stain Remov
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Formulas 319 Development time is 8-
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Sodium metabisulfi te, 10.0 g Boric
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Conversion Tables DIRECT EQUIVALENT
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Direct equivalents (Continued) Conv
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0.7 � 10 0.8 � 11.7 0.9 � 13
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225 ml � 7.2 fl oz 250 ml � 8 f
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Sodium Carbonate Conversion Table C
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Conversion Tables 333 always possib
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TABLE 5 Film Development Temperatur
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Material Sources 337 RH Designs (St
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Azo Forum, www.michaelandpaula.com/
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Bibliography 341 James, T.H. The Th
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Index A ABC Pyro formula, 231-232,
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C Cabinets, darkroom planning, 9 Ca
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fi ne-grain, 44, 211-214 general-pu
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Filters and safelights, 10-11 in th
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In-cassette processing developing,
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Panchromatic paper, and safelights,
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and development by inspection, 137
Page 390 and 391:
Strong ammonium thiosulfate reducer
Page 392:
Weston amidol developers, formulas,
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