The DARKROOM COOKBOOK, Third Edition

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C Cabinets, darkroom planning, 9 Cahill, John J., 244 Calcium carbonate, precipitated, properties and uses, 179 Calgon developing agents, 27 properties and uses, 179 Camera Obscured, 157 Capstaff, J. G., 217–218 Carbonate for buffering, 24 conversions, 330–332 developing agents, 25 and image color, 80 in print development, 73–74 properties and uses, 176, 179, 187, 192 stop baths, 103 Carbone, Jim, 261 Catechol, see Pyrocatechin Catechol copper-tone developer, formula, 256 Catechol warm-tone developer, formula, 256–257 CATPTEA, sulfi te-free developers, 30 Caustic alkalis developing agents, 25 properties and uses, 192–193 CD-2®, as developing agent, 47 Cellulose fi lters, in water temperature control, 1 Charcoal Black Paper Developer, formula, 251 Chemical control, contrast, 150 Chemical hazard hotlines, 162 Chemical preparation techniques crisscross solution dilution, 167 dissolving order, 166 guidelines, 165 in parts, 168 percentage solutions, 167 water, 166–167 weighing, 166 Chemicals, see also specifi c chemicals classifi cation, 164 hydrate forms, 164 nomenclature, 163 obtaining, 163 properties, 170–196 substitutions, 329–332 terminology, 169 Index 345 weights and measures, 164–165 Chemical safety basic procedures, 159–160 disposal and storage, 161 dry powder mixing, 160–161 hazard hotlines, 162 Chloramine, properties and uses, 179 Chlorhydroquinone, properties and uses, 179–180 Chloride papers, as paper type, 77 Chlorinated lime, properties and uses, 180 Chlorobromide papers, as paper type, 77 Chromium intensifi ers formulas, 305–306 ingredients, 129 for prints, 130, 308–309 Citric acid odorless stop bath, 268 properties and uses, 172 Clearing bath formula, 320–321 reversal processing, 141 Clothing, developer stain remover, 310 Coating paper with colloido-chloride emulsion, 156 in print out processes, 149 Cold Springs Station, Nevada, 32 Cold tones achieving, 81 methods, 112–113 and MQ developers, 243–244 and PQ developers, 244 Collodio-chloride printing out paper, formulas, 154–156 Collodion Aristotype Paper, formulas, 154–156 Collodion paper, for gold toning, 152 Color-dye sensitization, print tone manipulation, 79 Compound conversions Dry Measures, 326–328 Liquid Measures, 328–329 Contact proofs, fi nal printmaking, 90 Containers, for mixing, 18 Continuous agitation, method, 38 Contrast control fi nal printmaking, 91 pre- and post-fl ashing control, 94–95 print, changing, 86 in printing out processes, 150–151
346 INDEX Conventional-grain emulsions, characteristics, 35 Conversion tables chemical substitutions, 329–332 compound conversions, 326–329 direct equivalents, 323–325 fi lm development temperature, 335 teaspoon measurement, 17, 332–333 thermometer scales, 334 Cooper, Lawrence, 220–221 Copper red toner, formula, 288 Copper toners formulas, 287–288 production, 113–114 Crawley, Geoffrey, FX formulas, 216, 221, 228, 230–231, 239 Crimson toner, formula, 294 Crisscross method, for chemical solution dilution, 167 Crystalline as chemical hydrate, 164 defi nition, 169 Crystal Springs #659, 65 Cutting reducers, characteristics, 124 D D-1, ABC Pyro, 59–60 D-23 formulas, 205–206 tropical developers, 47–48 D-72, with sodium sulfate, 48 D-76 as developer, 44–45 formulas, 206–207, 215 with sodium sulfate, 48 Dark drawer, light-tight, 8–9 Darkroom cart, do-it-yourself, 12 Darkroom conditions, cleanliness, 5 Darkroom planning cabinets, benches, sinks, 9 dust-free air, 4 electrical current, 4–5 equipment and workfl ow, 7 fl oor, 9 lighting, 2–3 requirements, 1 safelights, 10–11 safelight safety, 14 size considerations, 5–6 storage space, 9–10 temporary darkrooms, 11–12 ventilation, 3 walls, 7–8 water, 1–2 Dassonville formulas, 113–114, 251–253, 263, 276, 287–288, 294–296 David Lewis Bromoil Paper, 83 Davis, William E., 204–205 Daylight tank development, with ABC Pyro stock solutions, 60 D2D Divided Developer, formula, 204–205 Decahydrate, defi nition, 169 DeFehr, Jay GSD-10 formula, 221–222 Hypercat, 237–238 510-Pyro formula, 231 Defender formulas, 246, 248, 257, 270 Dehardener, formula, 310 Dektol, 83 Dektol-type developer, formula, 251 De Laroche, Alicia, 31 Deliquescent, defi nition, 169 Denaturant, defi nition, 169 Desensitizers, development by inspection, 136 Desensitol, development by inspection, 136 Dessicated chemical hydrates, 164 defi nition, 169 Developer #15, formula, 220–221 Developer stain remover for clothing, 310 for hands, 310–311 Developing agents ABC pyro, 58–61 accelerators, 22 amidol, 83, 261–263 ascorbic acid, 29 buffers, 24 caustic alkalis, 25 cold-tone developers, 244–247 custom formulas, 27–28 diafi ne-type, 230 divided developers, 42–43, 204–209 extreme compensating developers, 43–44, 209–211 fi lm development, 33–53, 203
Page 2 and 3:
The Darkroom Cookbook
Page 4 and 5:
The DARKROOM COOKBOOK Third Edition
Page 6 and 7:
Dedication This book is dedicated t
Page 8 and 9:
Table of Contents PREFACE ix ACKNOW
Page 10 and 11:
Preface The Darkroom Cookbook is ba
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Preface xi Which brings us to the q
Page 14 and 15:
Acknowledgments There are two husba
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Introduction Today everybody seems
Page 18 and 19:
Introduction xvii coating your own
Page 20 and 21:
Contributing Photographers Bruce Ba
Page 22 and 23:
Contributing Photographers xxi Gord
Page 24 and 25:
Contributing Photographers xxiii Jo
Page 26 and 27:
List of Formulas Many of the formul
Page 28 and 29:
Push-Processing Formulas 230 47. Di
Page 30 and 31:
Amidol Paper Developer 261 105. Ami
Page 32 and 33:
Selenium Toners 294 162. Dassonvill
Page 34 and 35:
Planning a Darkroom Art does not de
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Planning a Darkroom 3 Core® availa
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Planning a Darkroom 5 available as
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Placement of Equipment and Workfl o
Page 42 and 43:
Planning a Darkroom 9 Floors call f
Page 44 and 45:
Planning a Darkroom 11 for modern e
Page 46 and 47:
How Safe Is Your Safelight? Richard
Page 48 and 49:
Equipment People are under the illu
Page 50 and 51:
Equipment 17 customary models. It i
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Developers One developing agent is
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Developers 21 quantity of metol to
Page 56 and 57:
Developers 23 pH Scale The pH scale
Page 58 and 59:
Developers 25 Anhydrous, having no
Page 60 and 61:
Potassium Iodide Developers 27 Alth
Page 62 and 63:
Ascorbic Acid: Developing Agent or
Page 64 and 65:
Developers 31 Alicia De Larocha, so
Page 66 and 67:
Film Development It is the photogra
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Film Development 35 ● Conventiona
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Film Development 37 include Efke IR
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Film Development 39 cycle per minut
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Film Development 41 minimum. Howeve
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Film Development 43 fi rst 60 secon
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Film Development 45 Not long after
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Film Development 47 These disadvant
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REPLENISHMENT OF DEVELOPERS Film De
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Film Development 51 Flower Composit
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Film Development 53 Yvette at the C
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Monobath Film Developing 55 possibl
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Washing Monobath Film Developing 57
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 59 in A
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 61 Edwa
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 63 A la
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Crystal Springs #659, 2002. © 2008
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Broken Vase, 2002. © 2008 Gordon H
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Pyrogallol and Pyrocatechin 69 Test
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Print Developers They say my print
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Print Developers 73 when a limited
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Print Developers 75 Brett Weston &
Page 110 and 111:
Printing Methods and Techniques Tak
Page 112 and 113:
Printing Methods and Techniques 79
Page 114 and 115:
Cold Tones (Blue-black) Printing Me
Page 116 and 117:
Manipulating Exposure and Developme
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
#2-5041, 1996. © 2008 Henry Gilpin
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Four French Tulips, Carmel, Califor
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Page 126 and 127:
Sequoias and Sunburst, 1976. © 200
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Rescuing Thin Shadows Saïd Nuseibe
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Stop Baths and Fixers Surely, it is
Page 138 and 139:
Stops Baths and Fixers 105 concentr
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Stops Baths and Fixers 107 determin
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Toning Prints There is a road from
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TONER TEST STRIPS Toning Prints 111
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Toning Prints 113 gold toning for c
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Toning Prints 115 The sepia/sulfi d
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Multiple Toning Toning Prints 117 I
Page 152 and 153:
Toning Prints 119 and selenium �
Page 154 and 155:
K49 Jellyfi sh, 2008. © 2008 Ryuij
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Photographic Reduction and Intensif
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Pitman Arm, 2000. © 2008 Jay Dusar
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SAFELIGHT Development by inspection
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PYRO AND DEVELOPMENT BY INSPECTION
Page 172 and 173:
leak light. What is important is th
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Procedure for Reversal Processing R
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Reversal Processing and Enlarged Ne
Page 178 and 179:
Procedure for Making an Enlarged Ne
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Printing Out Processes You must alw
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Printing Out Processes 149 Caution:
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Printing Out Processes 151 over the
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Printing Out Processes 153 Sleeples
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Printing Out Processes 155 Add the
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Printing Out Processes 157 Camera O
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Safety in Handling Photographic Che
Page 194 and 195:
Safety in Handling Photographic Che
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Chemicals Photography, in the fi na
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Chemicals 165 In this 3rd edition o
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Chemicals 167 ethylenediaminetetraa
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Pharmacopoeia The artist lives to e
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Pharmacopoeia 171 Glacial acetic ac
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Pharmacopoeia 173 Uses: Preservativ
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Pharmacopoeia 175 ALUM, POTASSIUM S
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Pharmacopoeia 177 AMMONIUM THIOSULF
Page 212 and 213:
BROMIDE (see Potassium bromide) Pha
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Appearance: Greenish crystalline sc
Page 216 and 217:
HYPO (see Sodium Thiosulfate) Pharm
Page 218 and 219:
Pharmacopoeia 185 working. Tropical
Page 220 and 221:
Pharmacopoeia 187 Uses: To precipit
Page 222 and 223:
Pharmacopoeia 189 Uses: As a preser
Page 224 and 225:
SODA (see Sodium carbonate) Pharmac
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Pharmacopoeia 193 Notes: Caustic al
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Pharmacopoeia 195 SODIUM SULFITE Sy
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Proofi ng for Maximum Black The cam
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Archival Print Procedure Appendix 1
Page 234 and 235:
Archival Print Procedure 201 7. At
Page 236 and 237:
Formulas FILM DEVELOPERS Developmen
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
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SOLUTION B Water at 110F/43C, 750.0
Page 242 and 243:
SOLUTION B Formulas 209 Water at 90
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Dilution B Distilled water at 125F/
Page 246 and 247:
4 minutes: water without agitation.
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Metol, 3.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 45.0
Page 250 and 251:
Borax, granular, 7.0 g Boric acid,
Page 252 and 253:
Formulas 219 Use as you would XTOL.
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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SOLUTION A Water at 125F/52C, 750.0
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Stock Solution B Water at 125F/52C,
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Formulas 227 Sodium hydroxide, 17.6
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FORMULA #45 Keelan’s Monobath (H.
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The development times at 68F/20C ar
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Pyro, 28.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 100.0
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Formulas 235 NOTE 1: To help preser
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SOLUTION B Distilled water, 750.0 m
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Sodium sulfi te, 90.0 g Water to ma
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Metol, 12.0 g Sodium sulfi te, 90.0
Page 276 and 277:
Developing time and procedures are
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FORMULA #69 Blue-Black Developer Fo
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Formulas 247 Benzotriazole, 0.2 g G
Page 282 and 283:
FORMULA #78 Gevaert G.253 Soft-Port
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Hydroquinone, 10.0 g Water to make
Page 286 and 287:
Sodium carbonate, monohydrate, 138.
Page 288 and 289:
Sodium sulfi te, 23.0 g *Potassium
Page 290 and 291:
Formulas 257 and then processed fol
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Normal exposure should be determine
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Pyro, 4.4 g Sodium carbonate, monoh
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FORMULA #108 Amidol Teaspoon Formul
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Amidol, 16.0 g 10% potassium bromid
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Formulas 267 Add a suffi cient amou
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FORMULA #123 Acid Hypo (J. Ghislain
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Formulas 271 When the above is thor
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Formulas 273 FILM: Film should be c
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TONERS Formulas 275 ● Different p
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Formulas 277 Add 16 drops of concen
Page 312 and 313:
With stirring add: Thiourea, 1.0 g
Page 314 and 315:
Formulas 281 This solution should b
Page 316 and 317:
SOLUTION A *Potassium bichromate, 5
Page 318 and 319:
Prepare the bleaching bath as follo
Page 320 and 321:
Formulas 287 Using the Toner: Print
Page 322 and 323:
*Glacial acetic acid, 5.0 ml Water
Page 324 and 325:
Formulas 291 the solubility of the
Page 326 and 327:
FORMULA #158 Kodak GP-2 (Thanks to
Page 328 and 329: Formulas 295 Dissolve the sodium su
Page 330 and 331: Formulas 297 As with Kodak Rapid Se
Page 332 and 333: Formulas 299 After treatment in the
Page 334 and 335: FORMULA #169 Flattening Reducer For
Page 336 and 337: Formulas 303 To use, take 2 parts o
Page 338 and 339: NEGATIVE INTENSIFIERS FORMULA #176
Page 340 and 341: STOCK SOLUTION #4 Metol, 6.5 g Sodi
Page 342 and 343: Formulas 309 Add 30.0 ml of Solutio
Page 344 and 345: Keep hands in Solution A for a few
Page 346 and 347: Distilled water, 180.0 ml Potassium
Page 348 and 349: FORMULA #194 Kodak SH-5 Formulas 31
Page 350 and 351: FORMULA #197 Kodak TC-3 Stain Remov
Page 352 and 353: Formulas 319 Development time is 8-
Page 354 and 355: Sodium metabisulfi te, 10.0 g Boric
Page 356 and 357: Conversion Tables DIRECT EQUIVALENT
Page 358 and 359: Direct equivalents (Continued) Conv
Page 360 and 361: 0.7 � 10 0.8 � 11.7 0.9 � 13
Page 362 and 363: 225 ml � 7.2 fl oz 250 ml � 8 f
Page 364 and 365: Sodium Carbonate Conversion Table C
Page 366 and 367: Conversion Tables 333 always possib
Page 368 and 369: TABLE 5 Film Development Temperatur
Page 370 and 371: Material Sources 337 RH Designs (St
Page 372 and 373: Azo Forum, www.michaelandpaula.com/
Page 374 and 375: Bibliography 341 James, T.H. The Th
Page 376 and 377: Index A ABC Pyro formula, 231-232,
Page 380 and 381: fi ne-grain, 44, 211-214 general-pu
Page 382 and 383: Filters and safelights, 10-11 in th
Page 384 and 385: In-cassette processing developing,
Page 386 and 387: Panchromatic paper, and safelights,
Page 388 and 389: and development by inspection, 137
Page 390 and 391: Strong ammonium thiosulfate reducer
Page 392: Weston amidol developers, formulas,
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