Consciousness-Based Education - Maharishi University of ...

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consciousness-based education and governmentStudy Design Sample Measure ResultUnbiasedEstimate ofEffect Size*State Anxiety F(1,34) = 24.44, p < .01 -.896 (k)Trait Anxiety F(1,34) = 13.26, p < .01 -.615Neuroticism F(1,34) = 14.95, p < .01 -.581Extroversion not reported as (n.s.) .266Cross-validationstudy, pre-postmatched groupsI. TM = 26CTL = 14HostilityAssaultIndirect HostilityIrritabilityNegativityResentmentSuspicionVerbal HostilityGuiltF(8,23) = 3.43, p < .01(multivariate) -.451-.408-.418-.910-.094-.391-.369-.378Time to Sleep z = 3.41, p < .05 **Sleep Quality z = 2.63, p < .05 **Recent Sleep z = 2.92, p < .05 **Cigarette Use z = 0.01, n.s. **Blood PressureSystolicDiastolicnot reported (n.s.)not reported (n.s.)-1.127-.937Folsom Prison,California(Abrams &Siegel, 1978)Pulse not reported (n.s). -.946State Anxiety F(1,43) = 17.81, p < .01 -.835Trait Anxiety F(1,43) = 12.70, p < .01 -.770Neuroticism F(1,43) = 11.62, p < .01 -.625Cross-validationstudy, pre-postmatched groupsII. TM =23CTL = 26Extroversion F(1,43) = 3.09, p < .10 .347HostilityAssaultIndirect HostilityIrritabilityNegativityResentmentSuspicionVerbal HostilityGuiltTime to SleepTMCTLF(8,32) = 4.00, p < .01(multivariate) -.608-.384-.310-1.207-.700=.208-.948-.296z = -2.04, p < .05z = .89, n.s.(l)-.600Sleep QualityTMCTLRecent SleepTMCTLCigarette UseTMCTLz = 2.04, p < .05z = 1.01, n.s.z = 2.56, p < .05z = -.73, n.s.z = 1.60, n.s.z = 1.83, n.s.6.236.77.025284
TRANSCEnDENTAL MEDITATION PROGRAM and CORRECTIONSStudy Design Sample Measure ResultUnbiasedEstimate ofEffect Size*I. Existing TM = 259 Recidivism Outcome:(m)groupsSix monthsz = -3.08, p < .005CTL = 37,389-.19comparison,One Yearz = -3.07, p < .005(all state-.19California retrospectiveTwo Yearsz = -3.66, p < .005parolees)-.25Prison System(Bleik &Abrams, inpress)II. Matchedgroupscomparison,retrospectiveTM = 241CTL = 241Recidivism Outcome:One YearTwo YearsThree YearsFour YearsFive Yearst(480) = -3.42, p < .0007t(415) = -3.03, p < .003t(321) = -2.70, p < .007t(238) - -1.94, p < .054t(150) = -2.44, p < .016(a)-.312-.297-.301-.251-.396Paranoid Anxiety F(2,80) = 3.91, p < .05 -.434 (k)I. Pre-postHostility n.s. -.126experimental TM = 21Locus of Control F(2,80) = 4.04, p < .025 .549Vermontdesign, twoweekperiodSleep Disturbance F(2,80) = 9.02, p < .001 -.859CTL = 21Departmentof CorrectionsCigarette/Caffeine Use n.s. -.315(Gore, Abrams,Hosility F(1,247) = 28.97, p < .0001 -.774 (n)& Ellis, inpress)Paranoid Anxiety F(1,248) = 41.04, p < .0001 -.966II. Cross-SectionalN = 208(some withmultipletesting)Locus of Control F(1,248) = 27.58, p < .0001 -.400Anger F(1,54) = 11.73, p < .002 -1.150Sleep Disturbance F(1,234) = 49.27, p < .0001 -.907* Effect sizes are adjusted for sample size of control group, as described by Hedges in Glass et al. (1981, pp.111-114)** No control in study and therefore effect size compared with control group cannot be calculated*** Contrast on the four groups listed; additional degrees of freedom in the denominator come from two othergroups notinvolved in the specific contrast(a) E.S. calculated as in Glass, McGaw, & Smith (1981, p. 126) for t test.(b) E.S. calculated as in Glass et al. (1981, p. 127) for ANCOVA(c) E.S. calculated as in Glass et al. (1981, pp. 130-131)(d) ANCOVA on pre-test score of three groups, covarying for pretest score.(e) E.S. = (X - (E)-X - (C))/S.D.(C), where individual scores are difference scores(f ) Statistical tests on the follow measures calculated from data provided in study (all subjects pre-post).(g) E.S. calculated as in (e), where individual scores are raw scores.(h) E.S. calculated from Glass et al. (1981, p. 149); point-biserial correlation converted into t-test value, theninto effect size asin (a) above(i) E.S. calculated from F value; F converted into t-test value, then into effect size as in (a) above.(j) E.S. = Φ(1) - Φ(2) as in Cohen (1969, pp. 174-178).(k) E.S. = ((X - (E2) - X - (EI)) - (X - (C2) - (X - (c1)))/S.D.(C2)(l) E.S. = z ∙ √(1/N) calculated from each group; reported E.S. is difference of these values for two groups.(m) Effect size reported by authors in paper.(n) Effect size calculated as in (g) above where pre-TM group is control group and 3-6 months TM group(largest group) isexperimental group.Transcendental Meditation program is a technology for full developmentof the individual not primarily a rehabilitative program. Its successin rehabilitation is a by-product of its success in unfolding individualpotential. The joint benefits for staff and inmates also suggest that byincluding both groups in an institutional program utilizing the TranscendentalMeditation technique, not only will staff provide greater285
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Consciousness-based education and g
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CoNSCIoUSNESS-BASED EDUCATIoN AND G
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CoNSCIoUSNESS-BASED EDUCATIoN AND G
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Success in Government■Ian Douglas
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success in governmentprinciples of
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success in governmentout of fashion
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success in governmentof religion or
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success in governmentyoung children
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success in governmentMaharishi Mahe
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CONSCIOUSNESS-BASED EDUCATION AND G
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Harnessing the Laws of Natureto Bri
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U.S.-Soviet Relations and the Mahar
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AbstractThis paper empirically test
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International Journal of Neuroscien
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quality of life in the us (1960-198
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