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104. Max Hastings, Bomber Command (New York:The Dial Press, 1979), 122-140.105. Jeremy Iggers, "Euphemisms Can Impair ClearThinking about War, " Minneapolis Tribune (6 February1991): 1E, 2E; for a critical analysis of the mediacoverage of the Gulf war, see Daniel Hallin "TV'sClean Little War, " Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 47,no. 7 (1991): 17-19.106. Richard L. Rubenstein, The Cunning of History:The Holocaust and the American Future (New York:Harper Colophon, 1978), 22.107. Kelman and Hamilton, 103-105.108. Fred E. Katz, "A Sociological Perspective tothe Holocaust, " Modern Judaism 2 (1982): 274. Seealso: Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989), 98-107.109. Max Weber, "Bureaucracy, " in From MaxWeber: Essays in Sociology, ed. by H. H. Gerth andC. Wright Mills (New York: Oxford University Press,1958), 215-216.110. Fein, Accounting, 22.111. Markusen, "Genocide, Total War, " 241-244 andMarkusen and Kopf.112. Lifton and Markusen, 156-191.113. Charny, How Can We Commit, 284.114. Kuper, Genocide, Its, 40; for some of thereasons for the neglect of these issues, see: Chalk andJonassohn, 40-42."115. Lisa Peattie, "Normalizing the Unthinkable,Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 40, no. 3 (1984):32-36; Kuper, The Prevention, 235; Lifton and Markusen;Markusen, "Genocide, Total War, " 236-243.CHAPTER 7: ANNOTATEDBIBLIOGRAPHYThe bibliography that follows is divided into fivesections. The first section contains materials on trendsin collective violence and mass killing during thetwentieth century. Sections two, three, and four focuson genocide, modern war, and nuclear omniciderespectively. The fifth section contains materials onconnections and commonalities among the three typesof governmental mass killing projects.The Murderousness of the Twentieth Century*71~Dando, William A. The Geography of Famine. NewYork: John Wiley and Sons, 1980. LC 80-11145. ISBN0-470-26956-1.In the modern era, famine increasingly reflectsgovernmental policy choices, either to allow people tostarve or to deliberately create conditions that resultin famine. This book is a primer on mass starvationfrom 4000 B. C. to 1978.~ 7. 2 +Eckhardt, William, and Gernot Kohler. "Structuraland Armed Violence in the 20th Century: Magnitudesand Trends. " International Interactions 6, no. 4 (1980):347-375.The authors explore the important concept ofstructural violence, which refers to deaths caused bysocial and economic conditions that impair the healthand reduce the life expectancy of vast numbers ofdisadvantaged people throughout the world. Armedviolence, in contrast, involves overt destruction, andis caused primarily by warfare. The authors concludethat "structural violence was about seventeen timesgreater than behavioral, that is, armed, violence in thetwentieth century. ... " (p. 365) The essay containsseveral useful tables and charts, as well as a goodbibliography. See also 7. 36.7 3Elliot, Gil. Twentieth Century Book of the Dead. NewYork: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1972. LC 72-7584.ISBN 0-684-13115-3.Anyone seriously concerned about the subject ofgovernmental mass killing should read this bookcarefully. "The aim of this work, precisely, is toidentify, against a background of knowable fact, theviolent dead of the twentieth century. ... " (p. 11) Asnoted in the narrative above, Elliot estimated that morethan one hundred million human beings were victimsof "man-made death" in the first seven decades of thiscentury; he compares this scale "with the scale onwhich a modern nation operates and lives. The obviousreason for the comparison is simply that the figure ofa hundred million represents the size in population ofa large modern nation, and as a familiar image it mayhelp us to visualize the scale and complexity ofman-made death. " (p. 6) In Book One, titled, "Sketch-Genocide and Modern War 131