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* 8. 27 ~Horowitz, Irving Louis. Genocide: State Power andMass Murder. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1976.LC 76-2276. ISBN 0-87855-191-3. Revised editionissued under the title Taking Lives in 1980.Horowitz' typology is a useful starting point forthe examination of the roles and functions ofbureaucracy,government organization, and national policy inthe making of genocide. His is a classic work on thenature of government in genocidal societies.~ 8. 28 ~Hovannisian, Richard G. , ed. The Armenian Genocidein Perspective. New Brunswick, NJ, and Oxford:Transaction Books, 1987. LC 85-29038. ISBN 0-88738-096-4.Hovannisian has brought together an outstandingcollection of papers on the Armenian genocide. Inaddition to historical analysis of the genocide, thereis consideration of the impact of the events on literature,the psychosocial sequelae for survivors and theirfamilies, a study of oral histories of survivors, and ananalysis of the Turks' unending efforts to deny theArmenian genocide.* 8. 29 *International Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide(1st: 1982): Tel Aviv, Israel. The Book of theInternational Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide:Book One. The Conference Program and Crisis.Ed. by Israel W. Charny and Shamai Davidson. TelAviv: Institute of the International Conference on theHolocaust and Genocide, 1983. NUC 87-126011.Book One is a photocopy-printed softcover bookthat includes the full program, abstracts of papers,evaluations of participants, and comments by the worldpress. It also contains extensive reports of the crisisthat erupted when the governments of Turkey and Israelsought to censor reports of the Armenian genocide, ifnot to close down the entire conference.* 8. 30 *Internet on the Holocaust and Genocide. 1985-. 6/yr.Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide, POB 10311,91102 Jerusalem, Israel.This invaluable newsletter reports studies, projects,and developments around the world relating to genocideand its prevention. It is distributed on a voluntarysubscription basis by the Institute, which is interestedin making the publication available to younger scholarswho have limited funds.* 8. 31 +Jones, Ron. "The Third Wave. " In ExperiencingSocial Psychology. Ed. by Ayala Pines and ChristinaMaslach. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984. LC 83-16277. ISBN 0-394-33547-7 pa.An American high-school history teacher succeedssuperbly in teaching his students about how the Holocaustcame about by creating a parallel process of groupidentification with power, conformity, and ideologyin the classroom and high school. The written reporthas been followed by a video film, The New Wave,which is an excellent instructional tool for students,community groups, teachers, and even professionalscholars for genocide.~ 8. 32 ~Kelman, Herbert C. , and V. Lee Hamilton. Crimes ofObedience: Toward a Social Psychology of Authorityand Responsibility. New Haven, CT, and London: YaleUniversity Press, 1989. LC 88-5049. ISBN 0-300-04184-5.In an important study, Kelman and Hamiltonanalyze the crucial issue of conformity and obedienceto norms of destruction. Even after Lt. Calley had beenconvicted for his role as commander of the U. S. forcesat My Lai, 67 percent of Americans replied to aresearch questionnaire that they believed most peoplewould follow orders, and 51 percent said that had theythemselves been at My Lai, they too would haveobeyed orders to slaughter the villagers (see also 7. 99).* 8. 33 *Knight, Gerald. "A Genocide Bureau." [Editor's title].Text of talk delivered at the Symposium on Genocide,London, 20 March 1982. Available from The Baha'iInternational Community, 866 United Nations Plaza,New York, NY 10017. Mimeographed. 14p.In this beautiful address, a representative of theBaha'i International Community proposed an internationalmechanism for monitoring and responding tosignals, threats, and reports of genocide. Although thepaper can be difficult to locate, it is such a thoughtfuland creative proposal that I believe it is well worthtrying to access. Baha'i International later createdInternational Alert.~ 8. 34*Kren, George, and Leon Rappoport. The Holocaustand the Crisis of Human Behavior. New York: Holmes& Meier, 1980. LC 79-23781. ISBN 0-8419-0544-4.Collatorators Kren, a historian, and Rappoport,a psychologist, claim in this excellent book that humanlife can never again be the same after the Holocaust.162 GENOCIDE
Thus, they argue that no field of human inquiry andscholarship remains relevant or meaningful unless itinquires into how and why the bizarre destruction ofhuman life that took place in the Holocaust came about.* 8. 35 ~Kren, George M. "The Holocaust and the Foundationsof"Moral Judgment. Journal of Value Inquiry 21(1987): 55-64.Kren is an articulate analyst of the ethical implicationsof the Holocaust. Among his important observations,he notes the following: "There is something verystrange and odd in the fact that almost all of theperpetrators of what arguably is the most radical horrorof this century, while awaiting execution, argued, withobvious sincerity, that they had done no wrong. Arecurring theme found in all the trial records ofindividuals who had participated in mass killing is theindignant surprise they express that anyone shouldblame them for their actions, since they were onlydoing their duty. " (p. 56)~ 8. 36*Kuper, Leo. Genocide: Its Political Use in the TwentiethCentury. New Haven, CT, and London: YaleUniversity Press, 1981. LC 81-16151. ISBN 0-300-02795-0.Kuper's is the single most comprehensive andimportant assembly of case histories of genocide in thefield.~ 8. 37 ~Kuper, Leo. International Action Against Genocide.Report no. 53. London: Minority Rights Group, 1982.ISSN 0305-6552, 17p.The Minority Rights Group in London is anorganization that has pioneered in the study of theethnic histories and conflicts of minority groups aroundthe planet. This pamphlet is an excellent brief introductionto definitions of different types of genocide andto concepts of international intervention.~ 8. 38 ~Kuper, Leo. The Prevention of Genocide. New Haven,CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1985. LC 85-40465. ISBN 0-300-03418-0.In a critically honest analysis of the history ofinternational intervention in cases of genocide, especiallyby the United Nations, Kuper concludes that the UNhas been virtually a total failure. He analyzes whichbasic revisions will be needed in the UN Conventionon Genocide — many of which were later adopted bythe UN Whitaker Commission. Based on his realisticview of the international system, Kuper proposesstrengthening and expanding non-governmental internationalorganizations. He also proposes a new organization,International Alert, which has since come intobeing. For more information, write to InternationalAlert, Box 259, 1015 Gayley Ave. , Los Angeles, CA90024.* 8. 39 ~Kutner, Luis, and Ernest Katin. "World GenocideTribunal: A Proposal for Planetary Preventive MeasuresSupplementing a Genocide Early Warning System. "In Toward the Understanding and Prevention ofGenocide. Ed. by Israel W. Charny. Imprint the sameas 8. 14.The authors are attorneys who are concerned withdeveloping legally correct procedures for reviewingallegations and early reports of massacres accordingto proper rules of evidence, but at the same time theyare courageously concerned with creating an internationalagency that will respond quietly and meaningfullyto emergency situations of genocide. Luis Kutner iswell known for legal work on a principle of internationalhabeas corpus. He has been nominated several timesfor the Nobel Peace Prize.* 8. 40 *Lemkin, Raphael. Aris Rulein Occupied Europe. NewYork: Columbia University Press, 1944. LC 44-47388.Raphael Lemkin was the originator of the conceptof genocide, and certainly the person who can becredited almost singlehandedly with proposing andgaining the acceptance of the UN of the U. N. Conventionon Genocide. A Polish-Jewish attorney with aprominent post in the Polish Prosecutor's Office beforeWorld War II, he was the only member of his familyto escape the Holocaust. Arriving in the U. S. , hedevoted his entire being to the push for the adoptionof the Convention. Not long after its adoption, he died,sick and penniless for having given his life to thisimmense cause. Axis Rule in Occupied Europe isLemkin's monumental summary of the reign of the archfascist regime.In the coming years, several of Lemkin's excitingunpublished manuscripts, includinghis autobiography,Uncommon Warrior, which was rejected by severalU. S. publishers in his lifetime on the grounds that itwould not sell, will be edited by Rabbi Steven Jacobs.The first volume is scheduled for publication by EdwinMell en Press.Early Warning, Intervention, and Prevention of Genocide 163
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GenocldeIn OurTlme- ,*"f* *An Annot
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DEDICATIONTo Raphael Lemkin(1901-19
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Chapter 5:The Armenian Genocide: Re
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Appendix 167Appendix: Chronology of
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ending sources of joy and hope. In
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Massive human suffering caused by p
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world without any reification and u
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CIIAPTER IETHNOCIDEby Alison Palmer
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als are tempted away by the promise
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Interactionsof Ethnocide and Genoci
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Chapter 1: AnnotatedBibliographyRea
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the inevitable extinction of tribal
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upon the purge of cultural and scie
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traditional ethnic and socio-cultur
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whites. Lizot proposes that integra
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¹ 1. 53 ¹Olson, James S. , and Ra
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tion of indigenes into state politi
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as a potential irredentist national
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serious questions about the notion
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ate and beleaguered institutions th
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In one of the most important works
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focusing on children, the most vuln
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~ 2. 35 ~Sereny, Gita. Into That Da
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were less than 200 Jewish survivors
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~ 2. 68 ~Nomberg-Przytyk, Sara. Aus
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of the war. The movement was known
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~ 2. 103 ~Wyman, David S. The Aband
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* 2. 122 ~Wiesenthal, Simon. The Su
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and Christianity. He argues that it
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Chapter 3THE ISSUE OF THE HOLOCAUST
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if we are to escape the mystificati
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outside the normal dimensions of ou
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historical event. All transformatio
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32. For an excellent understanding
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3 7Berenbaum, Michael. "The Uniquen
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Holocaust, a meaning with which we
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the Nazi exterminating drive, a pos
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framework, Marrus accepts the Holoc
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as "the cement of Jewish identity,
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'cry and you cry alone. ' So we kep
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of the body, combined with so many
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10. Lawrence Langer, Versions of Su
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~ 4. 10 ~Sichrovsky, Peter. Born Gu
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Appendix: The Diaryby Agi Rubinwith
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ella story. We could have eaten all
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which hardly anybody remains? Who k
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find a wise one who will solve it.
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Chapter 5THE ARMENIANGENOCIDE:REVIS
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The genocide was the culmination of
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Abdications and Retributions Turkey
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scene. They primarily targeted the
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Turkish and non-Turkish apologists
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and London: University Press of New
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supporters of Armenian independence
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that the history of the Armenians c
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Realities Based on Ottoman Document
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designed to falsely accuse Ottoman
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and Western gullibility and predile
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ambition to retain as much of Russi
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Terror-FamineMemoir literature and
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Page 152 and 153: able to evaluate various nuclear we
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Page 184 and 185: TITLE INDEXThe Abandonment of the J
Page 186 and 187: "Epilogue: The Nuclear Arms Raceand
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