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¹ 1. 53 ¹Olson, James S. , and Raymond Wilson. Native Americansin the Twentieth Century. Provo, UT: BrighamYoung University Press, 1984. LC 83-21009. ISBN0-8425-2141-0.Olson and Wilson analyze Native American cultureand government policies since the 1880s with particularemphasis on the twentieth century. Native Americansare referred to as survivors of "centuries of culturalgenocide inflicted upon them by non-Native Americans." (p. x) A distinction is made between European"Indian haters" who "denied even the humanity ofNative Americans, " and who pursued vigorous neargenocidalpolicies, and "liberal assimilationists" benton destroying their culture. It is the policies andlegislation that arose out of the latter which forms thefocus of the book. The land issue is identified as oneroot cause of assimilationist policies.¹ 1. 54 ¹Ortiz, Roxanne Dunbar. Indians of the Americas.London: Zed Books, n. d. ISBN 0-86232-201-4.The theme of this book is the question of nationstatebuilding, self-discrimination, and human rightsin relation to the Indians of the American continent.It is divided into four parts, dealing with Indianmovements and supportive international agencies fromthe 1970s; theoretical analysis of Indians and the"national question, " referring to state policies, Indianand pan-Indian nationalists, particularly Guatemala; anexaminationof the Navajo and Sioux Indian move-ments; and a case study of the Miskutu in Nicaragua.Ortiz' scholarly bookaddresses theoretical and methodologicalissues in the study of a complex subject.¹ 1. 55 ¹Paine, Robert. Dam a River, Damn a People? IWGIADocument no. 45. Copenhagen: International WorkGroup on Indigenous People, 1982.In a a well organized pamphlet, Paine deals witha difficult issue — the effect that the construction of ahydroelectric dam in Kautokeino county in the Norwegiantundra will have for the settlers and pastoral Saamiculture. Since its inception in the 1970s, the projecthas consistently failed to acknowledge the full consequencesof the dam for the Saami. Paine argues thatthe oversimplisticofficial approach is based upon theunavailability of information and upon the neglect ofthat data which were readily accessible. Part II seeksto counter the official 1980 Court of Appraisal denialof detrimental consequences. The author concludes thatthe project will incur the loss of Saami identity, as theybecome "more Norwegian" and so, "less Saami. " (p. 94)The work is relevant to the study of ethnocide sinceit raises the question of intent. Despite declared Stateintentions to protect Saami culture, denial and ignorancehave produced the converse effect.¹ 1. 56 ¹Permanent Peoples' Tribunal Session of the Philippines.Philippines, RepressionandResistance. Pilipino: KSP,1981.This is an unusual collection of testimoniesextracted from the cases brought before the PermanentPeoples' Tribunal, 30 October-3 November 1980,against the Marcos and the United States governmentsof "economic, political, military and cultural repression"of the Filippino and Bangsa Moro people. (p. 6)The verdict of the Tribunal includes condemnation "inthe most rigorous terms (of)... the program of displacementand physical extinction that is now being wagedby the Marcos regime against the Bangsa Moro people... " (p. 227) The greater part of the book providestestimonies for the Filipino case: of particular note arethose on cultural repression which look at the threatto the cultural survival of minority groups from statedevelopment projects such as damming and logging.A shorter section is dedicated to the Bangsa Moro case.¹ 1. 57 *Price, David. Before the Bulldozer. Cabin John, MD:Seven Locks Press, 1989. LC 88-675683. ISBN 0-932020-67-4.In 1980, Price was invited by the World Bank towork as a consultant to an imminent project to constructa gravel road through Nambiquara lands in Brazil. Thisis the story of his involvement with the Nambiquara,from graduate anthropologist, through FUNAI (theNational Indian Foundation), to World Bank representativeon behalf of the Nambiquara. He chronicles thevarious inroads of imposing cultures upon the Nambiquara,and includes the ignorance and racism of the localpeasantry, the sometimes well-intended projects ofFUNAI to "pacify" the "wild" Indians (pp. 11-12), andthe World Bank projects. Price stresses the powerlessnessof the Nambiquara.*1. 58 *Ramos, Alicida R. , and Kenneth Taylor. 7he Yanomamiin Brazil. IWGIA Document no. 37. Copenhagen:International Work Group on Indigenous Affairs, 1979.Ramos and Taylor highlight the threatened culturaland physical destruction of the Yanomami Iridians inthe 1970s. Their book is divided into three sectionswhich critically examine development projects ofhighway construction, mining and agriculture, andconsider the proposal for a Yanomami Indian Park. Thepark is urged as an humanitarian step suitable forecological preservation, for sustained protection of theEthnocide 17