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as a potential irredentist nationalist threat. Paper Idiscusses post-1968 policies within the context ofinternational legal codes and suggests a gradual programof "psychological torture. .. and genocide. " (p. 20)Paper II focuses on educational, artistic, and religiousinstitutions.~ 1. 77 ~World Bank. Economic Development and TribalPeoples. Washington, DC: World Bank, Office ofEnvironmental Affairs, 1981. LC 82-11192. ISBN 0-8213-0010-5.The World Bank's Office of Environmental Affairsexamines the need to re-think its policy on fundingdevelopment projects which often have devastatingeffects upon tribal peoples. The proposals argue thatthere should be a gradual inclusion of isolated tribalgroups into the national society and that tribal peoplesshould benefit economically from World Bank assistedprojects. Section 3 considers the "Prerequisites forEthnic Identity and Survival" in terms of land, health,and cultural autonomy.Ethnocide 21
CHAPTER 2THE HOLOCAUSTby Michael DobkowskiThe Holocaust, the paradigmatic genocide, was aproduct of the convergence of a technicallyefficient, well-educated and cultured bureaucracy,and barbaric intentionality. The Holocaustwas a paper-shuffling genocide in that those whoplanned the operations of extermination for themost part never saw the "final solution" as anaccomplished fact. The bureaucratization ofgenocide profoundly desensitized the bureaucratswho carried it out. A necessary prelude togenocide was the Nazis' barbaric program todehumanize the Jew, to transform him into theOther, into a parasite, into an object of derision.Then the outbreak of war in 1939 foreclosedopportunities for expulsion of the Jews fromEurope and set the stage for the Holocaust whichwas carried out primarily on the conqueredlands of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union.The attempt by the Nazis and their collaboratorsto systematically exterminate the Jewish people andmost of the Romanies, or Gypsies, during World WarII, commonly termed the Holocaust or Shoah inHebrew, has come to be viewed as the paradigmaticgenocide. Adolf Hitler's Third Reich exploited all theadvantages of modern technology and bureaucraticorganization to transport Jews from the far reaches ofEurope to various concentration and killing sites,including ghettos in Eastern Europe and speciallyconstructed extermination camps in occupied Polandwhere the Jews were starved, subjected to inhumaneliving conditions, ravaged by disease, shot in massnumbers, and executed in gas chambers as quickly andefficiently as possible. By the time the war was overin 1945, almost six million Jews and several hundredthousand Gypsies had been annihilated. Although notevery victim was Jewish, the principal goal of the Naziplan was to rid Europe, if not the world, of Jews. Massmurder is nothing new, of course. We have seen manytragic examples in history. But genocide is a crimeagainst humanity because it negates human value assuch. When the administration of death becomes abureaucratic procedure, when killing and efficiency arethe only values left, then clearly we are faced withsomething more than the age-old disregard for life.Bureaucracy and BarbarismThis combination of technological and bureaucraticmass murder and barbaric intentionality has raisedThe Holocaust 23
Page 1 and 2: GenocldeIn OurTlme- ,*"f* *An Annot
Page 3: DEDICATIONTo Raphael Lemkin(1901-19
Page 6 and 7: Chapter 5:The Armenian Genocide: Re
Page 8 and 9: Appendix 167Appendix: Chronology of
Page 10 and 11: ending sources of joy and hope. In
Page 12 and 13: Massive human suffering caused by p
Page 14 and 15: world without any reification and u
Page 16 and 17: CIIAPTER IETHNOCIDEby Alison Palmer
Page 18 and 19: als are tempted away by the promise
Page 20 and 21: Interactionsof Ethnocide and Genoci
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 1: AnnotatedBibliographyRea
Page 24 and 25: the inevitable extinction of tribal
Page 26 and 27: upon the purge of cultural and scie
Page 28 and 29: traditional ethnic and socio-cultur
Page 30 and 31: whites. Lizot proposes that integra
Page 32 and 33: ¹ 1. 53 ¹Olson, James S. , and Ra
Page 34 and 35: tion of indigenes into state politi
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Page 40 and 41: ate and beleaguered institutions th
Page 42 and 43: In one of the most important works
Page 44 and 45: focusing on children, the most vuln
Page 46 and 47: ~ 2. 35 ~Sereny, Gita. Into That Da
Page 48 and 49: were less than 200 Jewish survivors
Page 50 and 51: ~ 2. 68 ~Nomberg-Przytyk, Sara. Aus
Page 52 and 53: of the war. The movement was known
Page 54 and 55: ~ 2. 103 ~Wyman, David S. The Aband
Page 56 and 57: * 2. 122 ~Wiesenthal, Simon. The Su
Page 58 and 59: and Christianity. He argues that it
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 3THE ISSUE OF THE HOLOCAUST
Page 62 and 63: if we are to escape the mystificati
Page 64 and 65: outside the normal dimensions of ou
Page 66 and 67: historical event. All transformatio
Page 68 and 69: 32. For an excellent understanding
Page 70 and 71: 3 7Berenbaum, Michael. "The Uniquen
Page 72 and 73: Holocaust, a meaning with which we
Page 74 and 75: the Nazi exterminating drive, a pos
Page 76 and 77: framework, Marrus accepts the Holoc
Page 78 and 79: as "the cement of Jewish identity,
Page 80 and 81: 'cry and you cry alone. ' So we kep
Page 82 and 83: of the body, combined with so many
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~ 4. 10 ~Sichrovsky, Peter. Born Gu
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Appendix: The Diaryby Agi Rubinwith
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ella story. We could have eaten all
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which hardly anybody remains? Who k
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find a wise one who will solve it.
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Chapter 5THE ARMENIANGENOCIDE:REVIS
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The genocide was the culmination of
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Abdications and Retributions Turkey
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scene. They primarily targeted the
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Turkish and non-Turkish apologists
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and London: University Press of New
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supporters of Armenian independence
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that the history of the Armenians c
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Realities Based on Ottoman Document
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designed to falsely accuse Ottoman
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and Western gullibility and predile
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ambition to retain as much of Russi
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Terror-FamineMemoir literature and
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independence and viability of the U
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So many members of the All-Ukraine
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~ 6. 26 ~Heller, Mikhail, and Aleks
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ousness of the present one. In his
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of structured social inequality, cr
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or religious group, as such. "" The
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and the general degradation of publ
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easier by the fact that those who'd
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26. William Safire, "Object: Surviv
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74. Quoted in Paul Walker and Eric
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es: People in the Machines of Death
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¹ 7. 16 ¹Dadrian, Vahakn N. "A Th
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Corporate Enterprise at Auschwitz"
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* 7. 47 +Nolan, Janne E. , and Albe
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and sometimes irrational. " (p. 7)
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able to evaluate various nuclear we
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In an angry, stimulating book, Aske
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Lang reflects on how technology fac
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This is a pioneering collection of
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"good reasons" for not offering the
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take consistent ethical actions aga
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sadisChart: Taking a Stand Against
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This indicator refers to an advance
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14. Louis Rene Beres, "Genocide, St
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to horrible new acts of violence ag
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* 8. 27 ~Horowitz, Irving Louis. Ge
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~ 8. 41 ~Lifton, Robert J. , and Er
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~ 8. 56 ~Thompson, John L. P. "Geno
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CountryDatesPer petratorsVictimsEst
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Dwork, DeborahDyer, Gwynne. . . . .
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Morgenthau, Henry . . . . . '. . .
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TITLE INDEXThe Abandonment of the J
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"Epilogue: The Nuclear Arms Raceand
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The Industrialization of Soviet Rus
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Psychiatric Aspects of the Preventi
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When Memory ComesWhile Six Million
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