* 2. 122 ~Wiesenthal, Simon. The Sunflower. New York: Schocken,1976. LC 75-35446. ISBN 0-8052-3612-0.The first part of the book is an autobiographicalmoral tale about the issue of forgiveness. A dy<strong>in</strong>gGerman officer asks a Jewish prisoner for forgiveness.The Jew rema<strong>in</strong>s silent. The second part is a symposiumof responses to the Jew's silence and the issueof forgiveness, by prom<strong>in</strong>ent theologians and philosophers.~ 2. 123 ~REPRESENTATIONS AND REFLECTIONSON TIIE HOLOCAUSTAlexander, Edward. 1he Resonance of Dust. Columbus:Ohio State University Press, 1979. LC 79-15515. ISBN0-8142-0303-5.Alexander analyzes the works of Sachs, Wiesel,S<strong>in</strong>ger, Kovner, Bellow, and Kaplan. He explores thevarious themes that emerge <strong>in</strong> this literature <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>gquestions of memory and identity. What constra<strong>in</strong>tsare imposed on authors or readers of Holocaustliterature? Is the Holocaust capable of literary representation?~ 2. 124 *Blatter, Janet, and Sybil Milton. Art of the Holocaust.New York: Rutledge Press, 1981. LC 81-5895. ISBN0-8317-0418-7.Blatter and Milton reproduce more than 350 worksof art created by artists <strong>in</strong> ghettos, <strong>in</strong> hid<strong>in</strong>g, or <strong>in</strong> theconcentration camps. The authors' comments help toplace them <strong>in</strong> historical perspective. The works reproduced<strong>in</strong> this collection reflect the spiritual resistanceand courage of the artists.~ 2. 125 ~Braham, Randolph L. , ed. Reflections of the Holocaust<strong>in</strong> Art and Literature. New York: East EuropeanMonographs, 1990. LC 89-62260. ISBN 0-88033-965-9.The contributors to this volume analyze the literaryand artistic productions of people like Wiesel, SamuelBeckett, Samuel Pisar, and Aaron Zeitl<strong>in</strong>.~ 2. 126 ~Costanza, Mary S. The Liv<strong>in</strong>g Witness; Art<strong>in</strong> ConcentrationCamps and Ghettos. New York: Free Press,1982. LC 81-70859. ISBN 0-02-906660-3.Costanza has searched out and analyzed some ofthe most impressive Holocaust art. The art she foundgives evidence of courage, moral and cultural resis-tance, and the desire of artists to depict through theirart the horrors that they had witnessed and experienced.+ 2. 127 +Ezrahi, Sidra Dekoven. By Words Alone: The Holocaust<strong>in</strong> Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1980. LC 79-56908. ISBN 0-226-23335-9.Deal<strong>in</strong>g with works written after the Holocaust,Ezrahi discusses the language of the Holocaust,documentation as art and the literature of survival. Sheattempts to def<strong>in</strong>e a Jewish "lamentation tradition" andexam<strong>in</strong>es certa<strong>in</strong> authors from that perspective.* 2. 128 *F<strong>in</strong>e, Ellen S. Legacy of Night: The Literary Universeof Elie Wiesel. Albany: State University of New YorkPress, 1982. LC 81-14601. ISBN 0-87395-589-7.F<strong>in</strong>e considers the themes and literary approachthat dom<strong>in</strong>ate Wiesel's writ<strong>in</strong>gs. She carefully describesand analyzes Wiesel's commitment to memory, witness<strong>in</strong>g,Jewish identity, and the faith-doubt dialectic. Hersis one of the most <strong>in</strong>sightful of analyses of Wiesel'swork.~ 2. 129 *Green, Gerald. The Artists of Terez<strong>in</strong>. New York:Hawthorn, 1969. LC 69-16020.The author of the television production "Holocaust"presents an account of the artists of Terez<strong>in</strong> withnumerous reproductions of their work. He focuses onpeople like Otto Ungar, Bedrich Fritta, and Leo Haas.* 2. 130 *He<strong>in</strong>emann, Marlene. Gender and Dest<strong>in</strong>y: WomenWriters and the Holocaust. Westport, CT: GreenwoodPress, 1986. LC 86-367. ISBN 0-313-24665-3.He<strong>in</strong>emann analyzes six works on the Holocaustby women writers <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g Charlotte Delbo. Sheaddresses the difference <strong>in</strong> male and female "understand<strong>in</strong>gs"of the Holocaust.~ 2. 131 ~Insdorf, Annette. Indelible Shadows: Film and theHolocaust. New York: V<strong>in</strong>tage Books, 1983. LC 82-48892. ISBN 0-394-71464-4.After study<strong>in</strong>g seventy-five films on the Holocaust,Insdorf asks whether this genre can be successful <strong>in</strong>treat<strong>in</strong>g a subject of such moral magnitude. She arguesthat there can be no unmediated testimony <strong>in</strong> film.Included are chapters on Hollywood and the newGerman guilt.42 GENOCIDE
¹ 2. 132 *Knopp, Joseph<strong>in</strong>e Z. The Trial of Judaism <strong>in</strong> ContemporaryJewish Writ<strong>in</strong>g. Urbana: University of Ill<strong>in</strong>oisPress, 1975. LC 74-18319. ISBN 0-252-00386-1.Knopp <strong>in</strong>vestigates Jewish writ<strong>in</strong>g after theHolocaust and concludes that Judaism is reaffirmedthrough the emergence of a moral code she calls""mentshlekhayt, which is central to the Jewishtradition.¹ 2. 133 ¹Langer, Lawrence L. The Holocaust and the LiteraryImag<strong>in</strong>ation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975.LC 75-8443. ISBN 0-300-1908-4.Langer analyzes selective literary works aroundthe theme of the aesthetic problem of reconcil<strong>in</strong>gnormalcy with horror. He po<strong>in</strong>ts out the <strong>in</strong>adequaciesof language to cope with the problem of present<strong>in</strong>g theHolocaust to readers. Words like "suffer<strong>in</strong>g, " "tragedy," and "dignity" are just <strong>in</strong>adequate.* 2. 134 *Langer, Lawrence L. Holocaust Testimonies. NewHaven: Yale University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-300-04966-8.Langer's is the first susta<strong>in</strong>ed analysis of theunique ways <strong>in</strong> which oral testimony of survivors hascontributed to our understand<strong>in</strong>g of the Holocaust.Draw<strong>in</strong>g on the Fortunoff Video Archives for HolocaustTestimonies at Yale University, Langer showshow oral testimonies complement historical materialby provid<strong>in</strong>g the human dimension. He offers a criticalanalysis of the dist<strong>in</strong>ctionsbetween written and oraltestimony. Oral testimony is dist<strong>in</strong>guished by theabsence of literary mediation. See also 4. 6.* 2. 135 *Langer, Lawrence L. Versions of Survival: The Holocaustand the Human Spirit. Albany: State Universityof New York Press, 1982. LC 81-14560. ISBN 0-87395-583-8.Langer analyzes theories of survival developedby Bettelheim, Frankl, and Des Pres. He focuses onthe writ<strong>in</strong>g of Wiesel, Kolmar, and Sachs and arguesaga<strong>in</strong>st the literary or moral unity <strong>in</strong> Holocaust litera-ture. He also challenges the notion that there is aprototypical survivor, or simple theory of survival byfocus<strong>in</strong>g on the <strong>in</strong>terpretation of Holocaust memoirsand the "versions of survival" they illum<strong>in</strong>ate. See also4. 7.¹ 2. 136 ¹Morse, Jonathan. Word by Word: 7he Language ofMemory. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990.LC 89-23931. ISBN 0-8014-2383-X.The Holocaust is the central event <strong>in</strong> the historyof language <strong>in</strong> the twentieth century, because one ofits <strong>in</strong>tended effects was the destruction of all memoryof itself. This goal was partially achieved s<strong>in</strong>ce survivorsand others have had to use language that can neverreplicate the totality of the experience.¹ 2. 137 ¹Rosenfeld, Alv<strong>in</strong> H. A Double Dy<strong>in</strong>g: Reflections onHolocaustLiterature. Bloom<strong>in</strong>gton: IndianaUniversityPress, 1980. LC 79-3006. ISBN 0-253-13337-8.Rosenfeld argues that the literature of atrocityshould be read on moral as well as artistic grounds.Us<strong>in</strong>g this perspective, he f<strong>in</strong>ds the literatureof Wiesel,Levi, and Borowski, for example, to be effective whileStyron's Sophie's Choice he f<strong>in</strong>ds <strong>in</strong>authentic.¹ 2. 138 ¹Young, James E. Writ<strong>in</strong>g andRewrit<strong>in</strong>g the Holocaust.Bloom<strong>in</strong>gton: Indiana University Press, 1988. LC 87-35791. ISBN 0-253-36716-6.Young exam<strong>in</strong>es how historical memory andunderstand<strong>in</strong>g are created <strong>in</strong> Holocaust diaries, memoirs,fiction, poetry, drama, films, video testimony,and memorials. He is one of the first to critique howHolocaust memory is constructed and performed <strong>in</strong>video testimonies and memorial sites.* 2. 139 ¹RELIGIOUS IMPLICATIONSBerkovits, Eliezer. Faith after the Holocaust. NewYork: Ktav, 1973. LC 72-6256.An Orthodox Jewish theologian <strong>in</strong>terprets theHolocaust us<strong>in</strong>g classical rabb<strong>in</strong>ic categories. Heconcludes that Christianity and Western civilization,not God, are responsible for the Holocaust. He arguesfor the theological necessity of the State of Israel.* 2. 140 ¹Berkovits, Eliezer. With God <strong>in</strong> Hell: Judaism <strong>in</strong> theGhetto and Deathcamps. Rockaway Beach, NY:Hebrew Publish<strong>in</strong>g Co. , 1979. ISBN 0-88482-937-5.Berkovitz exam<strong>in</strong>es the behavior of religious Jewsdur<strong>in</strong>g the Holocaust and argues for the resiliency ofthe pious and the authentic and aga<strong>in</strong>st complicity. Helooks at the depths of their faith even <strong>in</strong> extremity.¹ 2. 141 ¹Cargas, Harry James. Shadows of Auschwitz: AChristian Response to the Holocaust. New York:Crossroad, 1990. ISBN 0-8245-1030-5.Cargas, a major contemporary Christian th<strong>in</strong>ker,reflects on what the Holocaust means for ChristiansThe Holocaust 43
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GenocldeIn OurTlme- ,*"f* *An Annot
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TITLE INDEXThe Abandonment of the J
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"Epilogue: The Nuclear Arms Raceand
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The Industrialization of Soviet Rus
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Psychiatric Aspects of the Preventi
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When Memory ComesWhile Six Million