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to pure or ideal terms and to exclude various instancesof mass death from equal consideration.+ 8. 6 *Charny, Israel W. , ed. Genocide: A Critical BibliographicReview, V. 2. London: Mansell Publishing Ltd.and New York: Facts on File, 1991. ISBN 0-7201-2053-5 (Mansell).The second volume of this definitive seriescontains a special section on denials of the Holocaustand the Armenian Genocide, including a chapter byVahakn Dadrian on documentation of the Armeniangenocide in Turkish sources. Other sections cover lawand genocide; education about the Holocaust andgenocide; other topics include the language of genociders,total war, and genocide; the roles of professionsand professionals in genocide; righteous gentiles in theHolocaust; and museums and memorials of the Holocaustand genocide.8 7Charny, Israel W. , ed. Genocide: A Critical BibliographicReview. London: Mansell Publishing Limitedand New York: Facts on File, 1988. ISBN 0-7201-186-X (Mansell).This important collection, the first in a series,contains encyclopedic-like essays and critical annotatedbibliographies. It presents several cases of genocide— including the Holocaust, Armenian genocide,Cambodian genocide, Ukrainian famine, and manyother genocides in the twentieth century — and the longtermhistory and sociology of genocide, and also treatsseveral fields of the study of genocide — including thedevelopment of scholarship in genocide and its prevention;the psychology of genocidal destructiveness; thephilosophical study of genocide and especially nucle'ardangers; and the literature, art and film of the Holocaust,other genocides, and the future of nuclear andother "futuristic"destruction. Hailed as brilliant andpace-setting, the book has also been adopted as a textfor college courses.*8. 8 *Charny, Israel W. "Genocide: The Ultimate HumanRights Problem. " Social Education: Special Issue onHuman Rights 24 (1985): 448-452. Reprinted in SocialScience Record 24, no. 2 (1987): 4-7.Charny proposes a humanistic definition ofgenocide rather than a restrictive or legalistic particularization:any organized killing of masses of humanbeings in non-combat situations, whether on the basisof religious, national, political, or any other basis ofdifferentiation of people, as if such and such peopledeserve to be victims of mass death.*8. 9*Charny, Israel W. How Can We Commit the Unthinkable?:Genocide, the Human Cancer. Boulder, CO:Westview Press, 1982. LC 81-19784. ISBN 0-86531-358-X.This is a seminal book on the psychology ofgenocide in the individual, its origins in family psychol-ogy and in collective processes, and especially thepsychology of peoples' readiness to sacrifice otherhumans. Second, it is a seminal book because itformulates a major proposal for a World GenocideEarly Warning System. The press, political officials,and social scientists have hailed the proposal as capableof saving human lives.* 8. 10 *Charny, Israel W. "How To Avoid (Legally) Convictionfor Crimes of Genocide: A One-Act Reading. "Social Science Record 24, no. 2 (1987): 89-93. Reprintedin Internet on the Holocaust and Genocide Issue 16(June 1988).In a satirical playlet — which can be read-performedon stage as well as read quietly — Charny shows howgenociders will always seek to "get away" with theiractions. Hitler, Stalin, Pol Pot, Talaat, and Idi Aminare seen going together to consult a group of internationallawyers, "Satan, Conformist and Whore, " onhow they could hope to avoid prosecution for genocideas international law against mass murder expands. Theyare advised to consider taking advantage of the biggestloophole in present law by killing many differentpeoples including their most desired victims all together,so that it may be possible for them to conceal thespecific intentional target of their genocide.* 8. 11 *Charny, Israel W. "The Psychology of Denial ofUnknown Genocides. " In Genocide: A Critical BibliographicReview, V. 2. Imprint the same as 8. 19.An incredible number of people as well as organizationsand governments in many different countriesaround the world devote themselves, and huge financialresources, to denying that one or another knowngenocide ever took place — examples include Turkishinsistence that there never was an Armenian genocideand neo-Nazi and anti-Semitic claims that there neverwas a Holocaust. In this comprehensive study of theforms and dynamics of such denials, the author alsocalls for more concentrated attacks against those whodeny known genocides for their obvious incitementsEarly Warning, Intervention, and Prevention of Genocide 159