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In the fall of 1941, Romania exiled an estimated150, 000 Jews to Moghiliev-Podolski in the OccupiedSoviet Ukraine. The 56-year-old Siegfried Jagendorfwas among the deportees. He took control of the Jewishghetto and established a hospital, a soup kitchen, andorphanages. With a hand-picked team of Jewishprofessionals and craftsmen, Jagendorf restored afoundry that became the center of an effort that wouldsave over 10, 0001ives. In this memoir, skillfully editedand commented on by Hirt-Manheimer, Jagendorfchronicles the daily struggles of the deportees and howthey were saved.~ 2. 44 ~Kaplan, Chaim. Scroll of Agony. New York: Macmillan,1965. LC 64-12533.Kaplan, a Hebrew school principal who lived inWarsaw and died not long after deportations began in1942, chronicles daily activities in the Warsaw Ghettofrom September 1939 to August 1942. It is a recordof persecution, the Nazi conquest of Poland, therelationship of the Jews with their Polish neighbors,and the internal life of the ghetto.* 2. 45 *Korczak, Janusz. Ghetto Diary. New York: SchockenPress, 1978. LC 78-398298.In this diary, a courageous Warsaw pediatricianand head of a Jewish orphanage reveals his thoughtsand feelings. What emerges is a picture of a man ofcompassion and dignity who stayed in the ghetto withhis charges. He has become a symbol of selflessdevotion.~ 2. 46*Ringelblum, Emmanuel. Notes Pom the WarsawGhetto: The Journal of Emmanuel Ringelblum. NewYork: Schocken Press, 1975. LC 74-10147.Ringelbaum's Journal is an invaluable source onthe organization, religious life, and human side of theghetto. The notes, which go up to the uprising in 1943,reveal, in powerful and poignant detail the impact ofthe war on the daily life and fate of the ghetto Jews.It is one of the classic works on the Holocaust, writtenby a perceptive social historian.* 2. 47 *Tory, Avraham. Surviving the Holocaust: The KovnoGhettoDiary. Ed. by Martin Gilbert. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-674-85811-5.Tory's diary is an account of life and death in theghetto of Kovno, Lithuania, from June 1941 to January1944. It incorporates his collection of official documents,Jewish council reports and original photographsand drawings made in the ghetto. He shows thedetermination of the Jews to sustain their communityin the midst of terror.* 2. 48 *Trunk, Isaiah. Judenrat: The Jewish Councils inEastern Europe under Nazi Occupation. New York:Macmillan, 1972. LC 70-173692.Trunk attempts to deal with the perplexingproblem of the Jewish councils under Nazi occupation.He focuses on the conditions, external and internal,under which they performed and their motivations andresults. Unlike Arendt, who was quick to generalize,Trunk relies on detail and nuance. He emphasizes thatthe context was constant terror, death, and intimidation.Some Councils supported resistance and others opposedit. Some were run well and democratic; others werecorrupt and class-ridden.* 2. 49 ~Tushnet, Leonard. The Pavement of Hell. New York:St. Martin's Press, 1975. LC 73-87395.Tushnet studied the behavior of the leaders of theJudenrat of Warsaw, Lodz, and Vilna, using archivalmaterial and interviews with survivors. The conclusionsconcerning these men are still controversial. Tushnetbelieves Czerniakow, Rumkowski, and Gens were menwho had good intentions with very limited options.Criticism of them should be tempered by the context.*2. 50 ~CONCENTRATIONCAMPSAbzug, Robert H. Inside the Vicious Heart: Americansand the Liberation of Nazi Concentration Camps. NewYork: Oxford University Press, 1985. LC 84-27252.ISBN 0-19-503597-6.Allied soldiers liberated concentration camps atBuchenwald, Dachau, Bergen Belsen, Mauthausen,Ohrdruf, and Nordhausen, and other sites. Abzugattempts to assess their impact on the liberating soldiers.He captures their emotions — a combination ofshock, anger, shame, guilt, disgust, and fear. He'alsoattempts to understand the immediate and long-rangeconsequences of their discoveries on the public mind.* 2. 51 *Arad, Yitzchak. Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: TheOperation Reinhard Death Camps. Bloomington:Indiana University Press, 1987. LC 85-45883. ISBN0-253-34293-7.Between 1942 and 1943, under the code nameOperation Reinhard, more than 1 I/2 million Jews weregassed in the concentration camps of Belzec, Sobibor,and Treblinka, located in Nazi-occupied Poland. ThereThe Holocaust 33