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~ 4. 10 ~Sichrovsky, Peter. Born Guilty: Children of NaziFamilies. New York: Basic Books, 1988. LC 87-47773.ISBN 0-465-00741-4.Sichrovsky, an Austrian-born journalist, investigatedhow children and grandchildren of former Nazi warcriminals deal with their heritage. He found that,initially, they knew very little of their parents' orgrandparents' activities. The ways in which the childrendiscovered their ancestors' crimes varied widely, asdid their reactions to what they learned. Reactionsranged from severe guilt to outright denial.~ 4. 11 ~Sigal, John J. , and Morton Weinfeld. Trauma andRebinh: Intergenerational Effects of the Holocaust.Westport, CT: Praeger Publisher, 1989. ISBN 0-275-92906-X.In an empirical study, the authors examine thepsychological consequences of the Holocaust acrossthree generations of a sample group in Montreal. Theychallenge the dominant thrust of previous studies whichemphasized dysfunction in the family life of survivorsand psychological impairment in their children.*4. 12 ~Wiesel, Elie. Night. Trans. from the French by StellaRodeway. New York: Avon, 1969. LC 72-33106. Firstpublished in Yiddish in 1958.Perhaps the first and still one of the most powerfullymoving survivor accounts, Wiesel's autobiographicalnovel has become the classic survivor testimony.Tracing the experience of his family from Sighet,Transylvania, into the ghetto, then to Auschwitz, andfinally the death march and Bergen Belsen, Wieselexpresses the disillusionment, anguish, and utterdisorientation wrought by the Holocaust on childrenand families. The opening pages brilliantly describepre-Holocaust Jewish life and the final passages standin stark contrast to that opening. For another interpretation,see 2. 121.Briefly AnnotatedTitles~ 4. 13 +Bar-On, Dan. Legacy of Silence: Encounters walls" withChildren of the Third Reich. Cambridge, MA: HarvardUniversity Press, 1989. LC 89-7484. ISBN 0-674-52185-4.Israeli psychologist Bar-On interviewed middleagedGermans concerning their feelings about theirknowledge that relatives and parents had committedcrimes during the Holocaust. Bar-On found thatbetween parents and children there were "doubleof denial. For another interpretation, see 8. 1.~ 4. 14 ~Bergmann, Martin S. , and Milton Jucovy, eds. Generationsof the Holocaust. New York: Columbia UniversityPress, 1990. LC 81-068405. ISBN 0-231-07423-9.Generations of the Holocaust is the work of theGroup for Psychoanalytic Study of the Effect of theHolocaust on the Second Generation. Contributorsstress the complexity of survivors' influences onchildren. The editors also include a section on thechildren of Nazis.~ 4. 15 +Frankl, Viktor E. Man's Search for Meaning: AnIntroduction to Logotherapy. New York: Simon &Schuster, 1984. LC 84-10520. ISBN 0-671-24422-1pa.A psychiatrist survivor attributed his survival tothe development of a philosophy which focuses on themeaning of life. Logotherapy is based on findingmeaning in and through suffering. Frankl challengesthe Bettelheim thesis that those who became more liketheir tormentors had the best chance of living. Foranother interpretation, see 2. 23.* 4. 16 *Friedlander, Saul. When Memory Comes. New York:Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1979. LC 74-857796. ISBN0-374-52272-3.When Memory Comes is a powerful and suggestivememoir of a Jewish orphan's Holocaust experiencedealing with the issue of memory and history. Friedlanderwas left by his parents, at age seven, in aCatholic seminary in France. He was baptized andtrained for the priesthood. When the war ended, hediscovered his actual identity and made his way toIsrael in 1948.~ 4. 17*Gill, Anton. 7he Journey Backpom Hell. New York:William Morrow, 1989. LC 88-038663. ISBN 0-380-70777-2.Gill explores the variety of adjustments made by120 survivors to the concentration camp experience.He also examines how they adjusted after liberation.His book is based on interviews with survivors ofvarying social and political backgroundscountries.*4. 18 ~and from manyLevi, Primo. Survival in Auschwitz: 1he Nazi Assaulton Humanity. New York: Collier Books, 1961. Firstpublished as If This Is a Man. Trans. from the Italianby Stuart Woolf. New York: Orion Press, 1959. LC59-13327.74 GENOCIDE