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Girls wash their hands outside their classroom in the government-run United Methodist School in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Schools throughout Sierra Leone, including this one, were closed for eight months at the height of the Ebola crisis. CREDIT: Kate Holt/GEM Report 158 CHAPTER 8 | EDUCATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
CHAPTER 8 Education and sustainable development: conclusions and policy recommendations 159
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GLOBAL EDUCATION MONITORING REPORT
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This Report is an independent publi
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Foreword The 2016 Global Education
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Acknowledgements This report would
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The Global Education Monitoring Rep
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CHAPTER 6 • Partnerships: enablin
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List of figures, tables, and text b
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Figure 17.2: Most primary schools d
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HIGHLIGHTS Education for people and
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PLACE Urbanization puts strain on e
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Monitoring SDG 4 TARGET 4.1: Primar
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A young boy takes part in a refores
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I INTRODUCTION HIGHLIGHTS Transform
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I of environmental degradation and
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I BOX 0.2 THE SDGS WERE CREATED THR
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I (Box 0.4). These principles state
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I TABLE 0.1: How education is typic
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I The Incheon Declaration affirmed
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I The chapter documents the links b
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Here students in Indonesia learn ab
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1 KEY MESSAGES Living sustainably r
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1 other heat-trapping gases into th
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1 so that even countries with natur
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1 in responding to environmental ch
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1 petition, given more money or tak
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1 to these values are notions such
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1 Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, N
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1 “ If education progress is stal
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1 FIGURE 1.3: Poor children in the
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A man stands in a crop of cassava t
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2 KEY MESSAGES Education has a key
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2 on human welfare. Education helps
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2 BOX 2.1 Green industries demand p
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2 considerations and risk managemen
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2 developing regions (de Janvry and
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2 and supporting good governance (A
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2 FIGURE 2.1: Employment is being p
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2 growth does not necessarily mean
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2 jobs and decent earnings, even in
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2 disproportionately affected, acco
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2 Globally, earnings increase by ap
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2 with tertiary education, while th
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2 In many countries, green growth m
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Selina Akter, second year midwifery
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3 KEY MESSAGES Progress in health,
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3 health, water, sanitation, energy
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3 FIGURE 3.2: Women do more unpaid
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3 called for. Women’s empowerment
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3 FIGURE 3.5: There are large dispa
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3 FIGURE 3.7: Education marginaliza
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3 Tanzania revealed that many docto
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3 FIGURE 3.8: While being underweig
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3 FIGURE 3.10: In most countries, w
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3 2007, to 44 months. By 2007, birt
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3 outcomes in many countries, inclu
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3 that most behaviour changes are n
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3 they were twice as likely to hold
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3 Brazil, Indonesia, Rwanda and Sou
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Children look through a destroyed c
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4 KEY MESSAGES Getting children int
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4 EDUCATION MATTERS IN INCREASING P
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4 One direct form of political part
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4 tertiary education formed the cor
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4 “ 35% of out-of-school children
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4 “ Refugee children and adolesce
Page 131 and 132: 4 has expanded in recent years to b
Page 133 and 134: 4 Lack of knowledge and education s
Page 135 and 136: Favelas in Rio de Janeiro, which fo
Page 137 and 138: 5 KEY MESSAGES Education must be in
Page 139 and 140: 5 FIGURE 5.1A: We live in an increa
Page 141 and 142: 5 adequate knowledge of the local l
Page 143 and 144: 5 it in urban economies is importan
Page 145 and 146: 5 “ Education gaps are often wide
Page 147 and 148: 5 In the United States, the 1954 Su
Page 149 and 150: 5 BOX 5.5 Better urban planning can
Page 151 and 152: 5 FIGURE 5.4A: In Medellín, Colomb
Page 153 and 154: 5 130 CHAPTER 5 | PLACE: INCLUSIVE
Page 155 and 156: CHAPTER 6 Partnerships: enabling co
Page 157 and 158: 6 Finance..........................
Page 159 and 160: 6 strategic aid, non-traditional pa
Page 161 and 162: 6 Even with substantial increases i
Page 163 and 164: 6 FIGURE 6.4: Inequities in aid to
Page 165 and 166: 6 instructive examples of national
Page 167 and 168: 6 vertical integration is often con
Page 169 and 170: 6 projects had satisfactory outcome
Page 171 and 172: 6 funds; mobilized civil society an
Page 173 and 174: CHAPTER 7 Projections: forecasting
Page 175 and 176: 7 Projecting global educational att
Page 177 and 178: 7 TABLE 7.2: Projected attainment r
Page 179 and 180: 7 TABLE 7.3: Percentage of countrie
Page 181: 7 FIGURE 7.4: Universal upper secon
Page 185 and 186: 8 Policy recommendations...........
Page 187 and 188: 8 Evidence gathered for this report
Page 189 and 190: 8 PROSPERITY In order to reduce pov
Page 191 and 192: 8 PARTNERSHIPS In order to ensure a
Page 193 and 194: CHAPTER 9 The challenges of monitor
Page 195 and 196: 9 Reaching consensus on the post-20
Page 197 and 198: 9 skills in information and communi
Page 199 and 200: 9 The Incheon Declaration requested
Page 201 and 202: 9 offer policy-makers sufficient in
Page 203 and 204: 10 CHAPTER 10 Sustainable Developme
Page 205 and 206: 10 FIGURE 10.1: More than 4 in 10 c
Page 207 and 208: 10 TABLE 10.2: Countries with the l
Page 209 and 210: 10 TABLE 10.3: Completion rates by
Page 211 and 212: 10 FIGURE 10.6: In almost one-quart
Page 213 and 214: 10 SYSTEMS LEARNERS SCHOOL AND CLAS
Page 215 and 216: 10 PROCESSES: CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
Page 217 and 218: 10 and classroom climate to policy-
Page 219 and 220: 10 FIGURE 10.9: In Latin America, a
Page 221 and 222: 10 BOX 10.3 A new module on learnin
Page 223 and 224: 10 assessment between 2007 and 2013
Page 225 and 226: 10 The second issue is that resourc
Page 227 and 228: 10 was administered For global moni
Page 229 and 230: 11 CHAPTER 11 Sustainable Developme
Page 231 and 232: 11 “ In 2014, 44% of children wer
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11 ratio was 44%, while the percent
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11 Because of the range and diversi
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11 30 country reports in 3 areas, n
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11 BOX 11.1 Defining positive and s
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11 At the start of the process to d
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11 FIGURE 11.5: About three-quarter
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12 CHAPTER 12 Sustainable Developme
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12 A typology of TVET recognizes th
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12 are operated by the General Depa
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12 Within its Systems Approach for
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12 Administrative sources provide e
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12 FIGURE 12.6: There are vast diff
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12 But data in this area are still
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12 University rankings Ever since f
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12 for participation is job related
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12 while in Latvia it declined unti
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12 Since the 1990s, Mozambique has
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13 in the social and political life
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13 by a large task. The four themes
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13 found that workers who scored be
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13 A Standard & Poor’s module wit
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13 CONCLUSION This chapter has revi
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14 INEQUALITY MEASURES Measuring in
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14 index equal to 0.86, and at the
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14 The parity index must be interpr
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14 BOX 14.2 The Inter-Agency Group
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14 for at least one of five reasons
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14 behaviour, play, development of
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14 trained in the bilingual curricu
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14 MIGRATION AND FORCED DISPLACEMEN
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14 There are important, sometimes i
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15 Literacy is a basic cognitive sk
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15 BOX 15.1 Measuring participation
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15 FIGURE 15.3: In many countries,
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15 The assessment would need to hav
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15 may reduce the assessment’s va
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16 examines several initiatives tha
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16 COMPREHENSIVE SEXUALITY EDUCATIO
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16 ‘global thinking’, and half
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16 “ Close to 50% of secondary sc
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16 rights training in pre-service t
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16 community, including activities
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16 PISA included questions designed
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16 global population issues, which
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16 ENDNOTES 1. The third phase, 201
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17 “ In the least developed count
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17 entering and moving through the
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17 FIGURE 17.3: Electricity access
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17 it is the more common and often
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17 Violence and attacks against civ
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18 funds a programme managed by the
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18 Around 22,500 scholarships were
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18 About 70% of aid to higher educa
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19 FIGURE 19.1: The pupil/teacher r
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19 The coverage of both indicators
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19 educators were rarely experts in
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19 The survey also asked lower seco
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19 BOX 19.3 Upgrading ‘parents’
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19 As information on occupations is
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20 CHAPTER 20 20 Finance (selected
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20 Faced with similar challenges, t
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20 TABLE 20.1: Selected education f
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20 suggests the lower limit of the
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20 FIGURE 20.5: Information on even
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20 new module on equity and inclusi
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20 “ There is a 42% financing gap
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20 countries is that estimates excl
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20 middle income countries suggests
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21 CHAPTER 21 Education systems (se
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21 DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR MONITORING
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21 While SABER has extended the evi
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21 LOOKING AHEAD In essence, polici
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22 CHAPTER 22 Education in the othe
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22 governments. It measures the num
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22 b. Under-5 mortality rate (death
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22 LIFELONG LEARNING AS A FACTOR CO
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23 CHAPTER 23 Priorities for monito
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23 facilitate well-informed and mea
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23 government and non-government sc
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23 not the main concern. Countries
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23 In light of the expanded scope o
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CHAPTER 24 Epilogue 385
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24 “ When the High-Level Politica
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24 ‘robust, voluntary, effective,
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Annex Statistical Tables Introducti
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5 Statistical tables 1 INTRODUCTION
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5 UIS encourages countries to make
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5 SDG 4 targets and related indicat
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5 Switzerland, The former Yugoslav
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TABLE 1 Background demographic stat
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TABLE 1 Part 1 (Continued) DEMOGRAP
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 1 Backgr
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 1 Part 2
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 2 SDG 4,
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 4 (Conti
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 10 SDG 4
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 10 (Cont
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 13 Part
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 13 Part
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 14 Domes
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477
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5 Aid tables INTRODUCTION 1 The dat
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TABLE 1 Bilateral and multilateral
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DIRECT AID TO POST-SECONDARY EDUCAT
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DIRECT AID TO SECONDARY EDUCATION D
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TABLE 4 ODA recipients (Continued)
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Glossary Adjusted net enrolment rat
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Net attendance rate (NAR). Number o
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Abbreviations AAPS AES AHELO AIDS A
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ILO IMF INES ISCED ISSA LAMP LEARNi
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Index This index covers the Introdu
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home learning environment 215 ICT f
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HIV education 292 NGOs 211 out-of-s
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see also traditional knowledge Cura
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education Education 2030 Framework
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Fiji TVET enrolment 223 violence in
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ole of education 61, 78, 88, 165 gr
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educational attainment 75, 76, 105
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working poverty 57, 61 years of edu
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M Macao, China environmental educat
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perseverance 249 tertiary education
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primary education 314 secondary edu
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tertiary education 228, 229, 230, 2
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women in politics 99 years of educa
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small island developing States stud
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perseverance 249 special educationa
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within country disparity 186, 231 w
Page 559 and 560:
attitudes to business 253 benefits
Page 561 and 562:
Introduction Carson, R. 1962. Silen
Page 563 and 564:
Das, P. K. 2010. Climate Change and
Page 565 and 566:
Reyhner, J. and Eder, J. 2015. Amer
Page 567 and 568:
Aghion, P., Veugelers, R. and Serre
Page 569 and 570:
Hanushek, E. A., Schwerdt, G., Wied
Page 571 and 572:
Pritchett, L. 2006. Does learning t
Page 573 and 574:
Bhurosy, T. and Jeewon, R. 2014. Ov
Page 575 and 576:
Gunewardena, D. 2015. Why aren’t
Page 577 and 578:
McBride, D. E. and Parry, J. A. 201
Page 579 and 580:
United Cities and Local Governments
Page 581 and 582:
Campbell, D. E. 2008. Voice in the
Page 583 and 584:
Mendenhall, M. and Chopra, N. 2016.
Page 585 and 586:
Allen, H. 2013. Africa’s First Fu
Page 587 and 588:
Hanson, D. 2013. Assessing the Harl
Page 589 and 590:
Sirin, S. R. and Rogers-Sirin, L. 2
Page 591 and 592:
Fehling, M., Nelson, B. D. and Venk
Page 593 and 594:
Prichard, W. 2010. Taxation and Sta
Page 595 and 596:
Lager, A. C. J. and Torssander, J.
Page 597 and 598:
Bennell, P. and Akyeampong, K. 2007
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Crouch, L. 2015. Stumbling at the f
Page 601 and 602:
Facione, P. A. 1990. Critical Think
Page 603 and 604:
Hardin, B. J., Vardell, R. and de C
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Inter-Agency Working Group on TVET
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Marfo, K. 2011. Envisioning an Afri
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___. 2009b. INES Network for the Co
Page 611 and 612:
Pew Research Center. 2015. Internet
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South Africa Government. 2013. Regu
Page 615 and 616:
UNDP. 2004. Human Development Repor
Page 617 and 618:
UNICEF and WHO. 2015. Progress on S
Page 619 and 620:
Wortham, S. C. 2013. Common Charact
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