people and planet

Net attendance rate (NAR). Number of pupils in the
official age group for a given level of education who
attend school at that level, expressed as a percentage
of the population in that age group.
Net enrolment ratio (NER). Enrolment of the official age
group for a given level of education, expressed as a
percentage of the population in that age group.
Net intake rate (NIR). New entrants to the first grade
of primary education who are of the official primary
school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the
population of that age.
New entrants. Pupils entering a given level of education
for the first time; the difference between enrolment
and repeaters in the first grade of the level.
Never been to school rate. Percentage of children aged
three to five years older than the official entrance age
into primary education who have never been to school.
For example, in a country where the official entrance
age is 6 years, the indicator is calculated over the age
group 9 to 11 years.
Out-of-school adolescents and youth: Those of lower
or upper secondary school age who are not enrolled
either in primary, secondary, post-secondary non
tertiary or tertiary education.
Out-of-school children. Children in the official primary
school age range who are not enrolled in either primary
or secondary school.
Over-age for grade rate. The percentage of pupils in
each level of education (primary, lower secondary, and
upper secondary) who are 2 years or more above the
intended age for their grade.
Parity index. It is a measure of inequality defined as the
ratio of the values of an education indicator of two
population groups. Typically, the numerator is the
value of the advantaged group and the denominator
is the value of the advantaged group). An index value
between 0.97 and 1.03 indicates parity. A value below
0.97 indicates a disparity in favour of the advantaged
group. A GPI above 1.03 indicates a disparity in favour
of the disadvantaged group. Groups can be defined by:
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Gender: Ratio of female to male values of a
given indicator.
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Location. Ratio of rural to urban values of a
given indicator.
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Wealth / income. Ratio of the poorest 20% to the
richest 20% of a given indicator.
Private institutions. Institutions that are not operated
by public authorities but are controlled and managed,
whether for profit or not, by private bodies such as
non-governmental organizations, religious bodies,
special interest groups, foundations or business
enterprises.
Public expenditure on education. Total current and
capital expenditure on education by local, regional
and national governments, including municipalities.
Household contributions are excluded. The term
covers public expenditure for both public and private
institutions.
Pupil/teacher ratio (PTR). Average number of pupils per
teacher at a specific level of education.
Pupil/qualified teacher ratio. Average number of pupils
per qualified teacher at a specific level of education.
Pupil/trained teacher ratio (PTTR). Average number
of pupils per trained teacher at a specific level of
education.
Purchasing power parity (PPP). An exchange rate
adjustment that accounts for price differences
between countries, allowing international comparisons
of real output and income.
Repetition rate by grade. Number of repeaters in a given
grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage
of enrolment in that grade the previous school year.
School age population. Population of the age group
officially corresponding to a given level of education,
whether enrolled in school or not.
Skills. Non-innate capabilities that can be learned and
transmitted, and have economic or social benefits both
to individuals and their societies.
Technical and vocational education and training (TVET).
Programmes designed mainly to prepare students for
direct entry into a particular occupation or trade (or
class of occupations or trades).
2016 • GLOBAL EDUCATION MONITORING REPORT 495