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1 ANNEX TABLE 4 (Continued) Country or territory CHILD MORTALITY 1 AND PARTICIPATION IN PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION SCHOOL READINESS 5 MALNUTRITION 2 Under-5 mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) Total 2015 Under-5 moderate or severe stunting rate (%) Total enrolment in pre-primary education School year ending in 2014 Gross enrolment ratio (GER) in pre-primary education (%) School year ending in 2014 Adjusted net enrolment ratio (ANER) one year before the official primary school entry age (%) 4 Percentage of children under 5 experiencing positive and stimulating home learning environments (%) 6 Percentage of children under 5 living in households with three or more children’s books Percentage of children under 5 who are developmentally on track in health, learning and psychosocial well-being (%) 7 School year ending in 2014 2009–2015 3 2009–2015 3 2009–2015 3 Total Total 2009–2014 3 (000) % F Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Total Total Ukraine 9 … 1,354 y 48 y 104 y 105 y 103 y ... ... ... 98 91 89 United Kingdom 4 … 1,480 49 88 88 88 100 100 99 ... ... ... United States 7 2 8,762 49 71 71 72 90 91 90 ... ... ... Latin America and the Caribbean Anguilla ... … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Antigua and Barbuda 8 … 2 48 75 78 72 93 100 86 ... ... ... Argentina 13 … 1,567 z 49 z 72 z 71 z 72 z 96 z 96 z 97 z 84 61 85 Aruba ... … 3 48 107 108 106 100 100 100 ... ... ... Bahamas 12 … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Barbados 13 8 6 50 84 83 86 94 93 95 ... 85 97 Belize 17 19 8 49 50 50 51 93 92 93 86 40 88 Bermuda ... … 0.4 50 54 54 55 61 y 58 y 63 y ... ... ... Bolivia, Plurinational States of 38 18 298 z 49 z 63 z 64 z 63 z 81 z 82 z 80 z ... ... ... Brazil 8 16 … 4,870 z 49 z 86 *, z 86 *, z 86 *, z 88 *, z 87 *, z 89 *, z ... ... ... British Virgin Islands 8 ... … 0,9 50 89 * ... ... 98 * ... ... ... ... ... Cayman Islands 9 ... … 1 z 48 z ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Chile 8 2 609 49 128 130 126 99 99 99 ... ... ... Colombia 16 13 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Costa Rica 10 … 115 49 53 53 53 93 93 94 68 37 81 Cuba 6 … 357 49 98 98 99 97 96 98 ... 48 89 Curaçao ... … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Dominica 21 … 2 48 85 88 82 ... ... ... ... ... ... Dominican Republic 31 7 278 50 44 43 45 74 72 75 ... 10 84 Ecuador 22 25 587 49 62 61 62 99 100 97 … ... ... El Salvador 17 14 233 50 72 71 73 94 92 95 ... 18 81 Grenada 12 … 4 47 91 94 88 98 z 97 z 98 z ... ... ... Guatemala 29 48 521 50 66 65 66 76 76 76 ... ... ... Guyana 39 12 28 y 49 y 94 y 95 y 93 y 91 y 91 y 92 y ... 47 86 Haiti 69 22 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Honduras 20 23 238 50 47 47 48 96 95 97 ... ... ... Jamaica 16 6 138 51 105 102 108 96 92 100 88 55 89 Mexico 13 14 4,798 49 69 68 70 99 98 100 ... ... ... Montserrat 9 ... … 0,1 52 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Nicaragua 22 … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Panama 17 … 102 z 49 z 71 z 71 z 72 z 84 z 83 z 84 z ... 26 80 Paraguay 21 11 152 y 49 y 38 y 38 y 38 y 78 y 78 y 78 y ... ... ... Peru 17 18 1,551 49 88 87 88 99 98 99 ... ... ... Saint Kitts and Nevis 11 … 2 48 94 97 92 99 100 98 ... ... ... Saint Lucia 14 3 4 51 65 63 67 80 79 81 93 68 91 Saint Martin ... … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 18 … 3 50 69 68 70 85 85 84 ... ... ... Sint-Maarten 9 ... … 1 48 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Suriname 21 9 18 49 94 92 96 96 95 98 73 25 71 Trinidad and Tobago 20 … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Turks and Caicos Islands 9 ... … 1 49 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Uruguay 10 11 103 z 49 z 70 z 70 z 70 z 96 z 96 z 96 z 93 59 87 Venezuela, B.R. 15 13 1,288 49 73 73 73 90 90 90 ... ... ... Northern Africa and Western Asia Algeria 26 12 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 78 11 70 Bahrain 6 … 33 49 55 55 55 41 41 41 ... ... ... Egypt 24 22 1,177 48 30 31 30 ... ... ... ... ... ... Iraq 32 23 ... ... ... ... ... 72 77 67 58 5 72 Israel 4 … 502 49 111 111 111 ... ... ... ... ... ... Jordan 18 8 110 y 48 y 32 y 33 y 31 y ... ... ... 82 23 69 Kuwait 9 9 6 82 49 ... ... ... 79 79 78 ... ... ... Lebanon 8 … 172 z 48 z 84 z 87 z 82 z ... ... ... ... ... ... Libya 13 … ... ... ... ... ... 99 99 100 ... ... ... Morocco 28 15 746 44 60 65 53 51 y 52 y 50 y ... ... ... Oman 12 10 69 50 54 53 55 ... ... ... ... 25 68 Palestine 21 7 127 49 51 50 51 97 z 100 z 95 z 78 20 72 Qatar 8 … 38 49 58 58 58 77 75 79 88 40 83 Saudi Arabia 15 … 306 55 16 14 18 57 56 57 ... ... ... Sudan 70 38 755 z 51 z 34 z 33 z 35 z 89 88 91 ... ... ... Syrian Arab Republic 13 28 87 z 48 z 6 z 6 z 6 z 14 13 15 ... ... ... Tunisia 14 10 226 49 43 42 43 41 z 42 z 40 z 71 18 76 Turkey 14 10 1,078 z 48 z 28 z 28 z 27 z 73 z 73 z 72 z ... ... ... United Arab Emirates 7 … 166 49 92 92 92 79 82 76 ... ... ... Yemen 42 47 29 z 46 z 1 z 1 z 1 z 4 z 5 z 4 z ... ... ... The Pacific Australia 9 4 … 357 48 ... ... ... 80 z 80 z 80 z ... ... ... Cook Islands 8 8 … 0.5 50 78 * 75 * 81 * 94 * 88 * 100 * ... ... ... Fiji 22 … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 426
STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 4 (Continued) Country or territory CHILD MORTALITY 1 AND PARTICIPATION IN PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION SCHOOL READINESS 5 MALNUTRITION 2 Under-5 mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) Total 2015 Under-5 moderate or severe stunting rate (%) Total enrolment in pre-primary education School year ending in 2014 Gross enrolment ratio (GER) in pre-primary education (%) School year ending in 2014 Adjusted net enrolment ratio (ANER) one year before the official primary school entry age (%) 4 Percentage of children under 5 experiencing positive and stimulating home learning environments (%) 6 Percentage of children under 5 living in households with three or more children’s books Percentage of children under 5 who are developmentally on track in health, learning and psychosocial well-being (%) 7 School year ending in 2014 2009–2015 3 2009–2015 3 2009–2015 3 Total Total 2009–2014 3 (000) % F Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Total Total Kiribati 56 … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Marshall Islands 36 … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Micronesia F.S. 35 … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Nauru 8 35 … 0.9 48 90 * 85 * 96 * 71 * 62 * 82 * ... ... ... New Zealand 6 … 116 49 92 91 93 93 92 94 ... ... ... Niue 8 23 … 0.0 47 119 * 113 * 125 * ... ... ... ... ... ... Palau 8 16 … 0.5 52 74 * 71 * 77 * 91 * 100 * 81 * ... ... ... Papua New Guinea 57 50 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Samoa 18 … 4 51 37 35 39 30 27 32 ... ... ... Solomon Islands 28 … 47 49 98 98 98 ... ... ... ... ... ... Tokelau ... … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Tonga 17 8 2 48 39 39 38 ... ... ... ... ... ... Tuvalu 8 27 … 0.7 48 93 * 93 * 93 * ... ... ... ... ... ... Vanuatu 28 29 13 z 48 z 97 z 98 z 97 z ... ... ... ... ... ... Southern Asia Afghanistan 91 41 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Bangladesh 38 36 2,961 z 49 z 32 z 32 z 32 z ... ... ... 78 9 64 Bhutan 33 34 5 51 17 16 18 ... ... ... 54 6 72 India 48 39 7,376 z 45 z 10 z 10 z 9 z ... ... ... ... ... ... Iran, Islamic Republic of 16 7 543 49 42 43 42 38 39 37 ... ... ... Maldives 9 9 20 23 49 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Nepal 36 37 1,014 48 85 87 84 81 81 81 67 5 64 Pakistan 81 45 6,550 45 70 74 66 94 100 89 ... ... ... Sri Lanka 10 15 335 z 49 z 95 z 95 z 95 z ... ... ... ... ... ... Sub-Saharan Africa Angola 157 … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Benin 100 34 129 50 21 20 21 60 y 61 y 59 y ... 1 61 Botswana 44 … 27 z 49 z 18 z 18 z 18 z 28 z 27 z 28 z ... ... ... Burkina Faso 89 33 72 51 4 4 4 9 9 9 ... ... ... Burundi 82 58 67 50 7 7 7 22 22 23 ... ... ... Cabo Verde 25 … 22 50 70 70 70 83 82 84 ... ... ... Cameroon 88 33 467 50 34 34 35 48 49 48 62 4 51 Central African Republic 130 41 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 74 1 47 Chad 139 39 11 z 47 z 1 z 1 z 1 z ... ... ... 70 1 33 Comoros 74 32 15 z 50 z 23 z 22 z 24 z 76 z 74 z 78 z ... ... ... Congo 45 25 54 y 49 y 14 y 14 y 14 y 23 y 22 y 25 y 56 1 49 Côte d’Ivoire 93 30 129 50 7 7 7 19 21 18 ... ... ... Democratic Rep. of the Congo 98 43 309 51 4 4 4 ... ... ... 61 1 66 Djibouti 65 34 2 46 5 +1 5 +1 4 +1 ... ... ... ... ... ... Equatorial Guinea 94 26 42 y 50 y 68 y 68 y 68 y 68 y 67 y 70 y ... ... ... Eritrea 47 50 46 z 49 z 15 z 15 z 15 z 16 z 16 z 16 z ... ... ... Ethiopia 59 40 2,496 48 30 31 30 25 **, y 24 **, y 26 **, y ... ... ... Gabon 51 18 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Gambia 69 25 87 51 34 33 35 52 51 53 48 1 68 Ghana 62 19 1,767 50 121 119 122 99 ** 98 ** 100 ** 40 6 74 Guinea 94 31 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Guinea-Bissau 93 28 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 61 Kenya 49 26 3,020 49 74 75 73 ... ... ... ... ... ... Lesotho 90 33 48 51 31 30 32 34 33 34 ... ... ... Liberia 70 32 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Madagascar 50 49 285 51 14 13 14 ... ... ... ... ... ... Malawi 64 42 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 29 1 60 Mali 115 … 92 50 4 4 4 44 46 42 ... 0 62 Mauritania 85 22 11 56 3 3 4 ... ... ... 55 ... 58 Mauritius 14 … 30 50 102 101 104 94 94 94 ... ... ... Mozambique 79 43 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Namibia 45 23 25 z 51 z 21 z 21 z 22 z 48 z 46 z 50 z ... ... ... Niger 96 43 142 50 7 7 7 17 z 17 z 16 z ... ... ... Nigeria 109 33 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 65 6 57 Rwanda 42 38 142 z 51 z 14 z 14 z 15 z 47 z 46 z 47 z ... ... ... Sao Tome and Principe 47 … 9 +1 52 51 49 54 57 56 58 63 6 55 Senegal 47 19 199 52 15 14 16 18 17 19 ... ... ... Seychelles 14 8 3 49 93 93 93 96 98 93 ... ... ... Sierra Leone 120 38 54 z 52 z 10 z 9 z 10 z 24 z 24 z 25 z 54 2 45 Somalia 137 26 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... South Africa 41 … 823 z 50 z 76 z 77 z 76 z ... ... ... ... ... ... South Sudan 93 31 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Swaziland 61 26 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 50 4 62 Togo 78 28 97 51 15 15 15 75 74 75 62 2 55 Uganda 55 34 430 z 50 z 11 z 11 z 11 z ... ... ... ... ... ... United Republic of Tanzania 49 35 1,026 z 50 z 32 z 32 z 33 z 46 z 43 z 49 z ... ... ... Zambia 64 40 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Zimbabwe 71 28 374 z 50 z 42 z 42 z 43 z 37 z 36 z 37 z 43 3 62 427
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GLOBAL EDUCATION MONITORING REPORT
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This Report is an independent publi
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Foreword The 2016 Global Education
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Acknowledgements This report would
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The Global Education Monitoring Rep
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CHAPTER 6 • Partnerships: enablin
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List of figures, tables, and text b
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Figure 17.2: Most primary schools d
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HIGHLIGHTS Education for people and
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PLACE Urbanization puts strain on e
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Monitoring SDG 4 TARGET 4.1: Primar
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A young boy takes part in a refores
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I INTRODUCTION HIGHLIGHTS Transform
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I of environmental degradation and
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I BOX 0.2 THE SDGS WERE CREATED THR
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I (Box 0.4). These principles state
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I TABLE 0.1: How education is typic
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I The Incheon Declaration affirmed
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I The chapter documents the links b
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Here students in Indonesia learn ab
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1 KEY MESSAGES Living sustainably r
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1 other heat-trapping gases into th
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1 so that even countries with natur
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1 in responding to environmental ch
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1 petition, given more money or tak
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1 to these values are notions such
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1 Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, N
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1 “ If education progress is stal
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1 FIGURE 1.3: Poor children in the
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A man stands in a crop of cassava t
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2 KEY MESSAGES Education has a key
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2 on human welfare. Education helps
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2 BOX 2.1 Green industries demand p
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2 considerations and risk managemen
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2 developing regions (de Janvry and
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2 and supporting good governance (A
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2 FIGURE 2.1: Employment is being p
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2 growth does not necessarily mean
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2 jobs and decent earnings, even in
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2 disproportionately affected, acco
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2 Globally, earnings increase by ap
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2 with tertiary education, while th
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2 In many countries, green growth m
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Selina Akter, second year midwifery
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3 KEY MESSAGES Progress in health,
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3 health, water, sanitation, energy
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3 FIGURE 3.2: Women do more unpaid
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3 called for. Women’s empowerment
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3 FIGURE 3.5: There are large dispa
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3 FIGURE 3.7: Education marginaliza
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3 Tanzania revealed that many docto
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3 FIGURE 3.8: While being underweig
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3 FIGURE 3.10: In most countries, w
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3 2007, to 44 months. By 2007, birt
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3 outcomes in many countries, inclu
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3 that most behaviour changes are n
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3 they were twice as likely to hold
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3 Brazil, Indonesia, Rwanda and Sou
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Children look through a destroyed c
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4 KEY MESSAGES Getting children int
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4 EDUCATION MATTERS IN INCREASING P
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4 One direct form of political part
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4 tertiary education formed the cor
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4 “ 35% of out-of-school children
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4 “ Refugee children and adolesce
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4 has expanded in recent years to b
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4 Lack of knowledge and education s
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Favelas in Rio de Janeiro, which fo
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5 KEY MESSAGES Education must be in
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5 FIGURE 5.1A: We live in an increa
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5 adequate knowledge of the local l
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5 it in urban economies is importan
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5 “ Education gaps are often wide
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5 In the United States, the 1954 Su
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5 BOX 5.5 Better urban planning can
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5 FIGURE 5.4A: In Medellín, Colomb
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5 130 CHAPTER 5 | PLACE: INCLUSIVE
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CHAPTER 6 Partnerships: enabling co
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6 Finance..........................
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6 strategic aid, non-traditional pa
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6 Even with substantial increases i
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6 FIGURE 6.4: Inequities in aid to
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6 instructive examples of national
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6 vertical integration is often con
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6 projects had satisfactory outcome
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6 funds; mobilized civil society an
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CHAPTER 7 Projections: forecasting
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7 Projecting global educational att
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7 TABLE 7.2: Projected attainment r
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7 TABLE 7.3: Percentage of countrie
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7 FIGURE 7.4: Universal upper secon
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CHAPTER 8 Education and sustainable
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8 Policy recommendations...........
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8 Evidence gathered for this report
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8 PROSPERITY In order to reduce pov
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8 PARTNERSHIPS In order to ensure a
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CHAPTER 9 The challenges of monitor
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9 Reaching consensus on the post-20
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9 skills in information and communi
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9 The Incheon Declaration requested
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9 offer policy-makers sufficient in
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10 CHAPTER 10 Sustainable Developme
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10 FIGURE 10.1: More than 4 in 10 c
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10 TABLE 10.2: Countries with the l
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10 TABLE 10.3: Completion rates by
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10 FIGURE 10.6: In almost one-quart
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10 SYSTEMS LEARNERS SCHOOL AND CLAS
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10 PROCESSES: CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
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10 and classroom climate to policy-
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10 FIGURE 10.9: In Latin America, a
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10 BOX 10.3 A new module on learnin
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10 assessment between 2007 and 2013
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10 The second issue is that resourc
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10 was administered For global moni
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11 “ In 2014, 44% of children wer
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11 ratio was 44%, while the percent
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11 Because of the range and diversi
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11 30 country reports in 3 areas, n
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11 BOX 11.1 Defining positive and s
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11 At the start of the process to d
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11 FIGURE 11.5: About three-quarter
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12 A typology of TVET recognizes th
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12 are operated by the General Depa
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12 Within its Systems Approach for
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12 Administrative sources provide e
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12 FIGURE 12.6: There are vast diff
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12 But data in this area are still
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12 University rankings Ever since f
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12 for participation is job related
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12 while in Latvia it declined unti
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12 Since the 1990s, Mozambique has
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13 in the social and political life
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13 by a large task. The four themes
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13 found that workers who scored be
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13 A Standard & Poor’s module wit
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13 CONCLUSION This chapter has revi
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14 INEQUALITY MEASURES Measuring in
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14 index equal to 0.86, and at the
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14 The parity index must be interpr
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14 BOX 14.2 The Inter-Agency Group
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14 for at least one of five reasons
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14 behaviour, play, development of
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14 trained in the bilingual curricu
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14 MIGRATION AND FORCED DISPLACEMEN
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14 There are important, sometimes i
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15 Literacy is a basic cognitive sk
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15 BOX 15.1 Measuring participation
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15 FIGURE 15.3: In many countries,
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15 The assessment would need to hav
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15 may reduce the assessment’s va
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16 examines several initiatives tha
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16 COMPREHENSIVE SEXUALITY EDUCATIO
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16 ‘global thinking’, and half
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16 “ Close to 50% of secondary sc
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16 rights training in pre-service t
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16 community, including activities
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16 PISA included questions designed
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16 global population issues, which
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16 ENDNOTES 1. The third phase, 201
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17 “ In the least developed count
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17 entering and moving through the
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17 FIGURE 17.3: Electricity access
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17 it is the more common and often
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17 Violence and attacks against civ
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18 funds a programme managed by the
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18 Around 22,500 scholarships were
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18 About 70% of aid to higher educa
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19 FIGURE 19.1: The pupil/teacher r
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19 The coverage of both indicators
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19 educators were rarely experts in
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19 The survey also asked lower seco
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19 BOX 19.3 Upgrading ‘parents’
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19 As information on occupations is
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20 CHAPTER 20 20 Finance (selected
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20 Faced with similar challenges, t
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20 TABLE 20.1: Selected education f
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20 suggests the lower limit of the
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20 FIGURE 20.5: Information on even
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20 new module on equity and inclusi
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20 “ There is a 42% financing gap
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20 countries is that estimates excl
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20 middle income countries suggests
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21 CHAPTER 21 Education systems (se
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21 DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR MONITORING
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21 While SABER has extended the evi
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21 LOOKING AHEAD In essence, polici
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22 CHAPTER 22 Education in the othe
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22 governments. It measures the num
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22 b. Under-5 mortality rate (death
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22 LIFELONG LEARNING AS A FACTOR CO
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Page 405 and 406: 23 not the main concern. Countries
Page 407 and 408: 23 In light of the expanded scope o
Page 409 and 410: CHAPTER 24 Epilogue 385
Page 411 and 412: 24 “ When the High-Level Politica
Page 413 and 414: 24 ‘robust, voluntary, effective,
Page 415 and 416: Annex Statistical Tables Introducti
Page 417 and 418: 5 Statistical tables 1 INTRODUCTION
Page 419 and 420: 5 UIS encourages countries to make
Page 421 and 422: 5 SDG 4 targets and related indicat
Page 423 and 424: 5 Switzerland, The former Yugoslav
Page 425 and 426: TABLE 1 Background demographic stat
Page 427 and 428: TABLE 1 Part 1 (Continued) DEMOGRAP
Page 429 and 430: STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 1 Backgr
Page 431 and 432: STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 1 Part 2
Page 433 and 434: STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 2 SDG 4,
Page 449: STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 4 SDG 4,
Page 463 and 464: STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 6 (Conti
Page 477 and 478: STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 10 SDG 4
Page 479 and 480: STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 10 (Cont
Page 491 and 492: STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 13 Part
Page 495 and 496: STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 13 Part
Page 497 and 498: STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 14 Domes
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477
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5 Aid tables INTRODUCTION 1 The dat
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TABLE 1 Bilateral and multilateral
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DIRECT AID TO POST-SECONDARY EDUCAT
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DIRECT AID TO SECONDARY EDUCATION D
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Page 513 and 514:
Page 515 and 516:
TABLE 4 ODA recipients (Continued)
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Glossary Adjusted net enrolment rat
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Net attendance rate (NAR). Number o
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Abbreviations AAPS AES AHELO AIDS A
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ILO IMF INES ISCED ISSA LAMP LEARNi
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Index This index covers the Introdu
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home learning environment 215 ICT f
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HIV education 292 NGOs 211 out-of-s
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see also traditional knowledge Cura
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education Education 2030 Framework
Page 535 and 536:
Fiji TVET enrolment 223 violence in
Page 537 and 538:
ole of education 61, 78, 88, 165 gr
Page 539 and 540:
educational attainment 75, 76, 105
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working poverty 57, 61 years of edu
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M Macao, China environmental educat
Page 545 and 546:
perseverance 249 tertiary education
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primary education 314 secondary edu
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tertiary education 228, 229, 230, 2
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women in politics 99 years of educa
Page 553 and 554:
small island developing States stud
Page 555 and 556:
perseverance 249 special educationa
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within country disparity 186, 231 w
Page 559 and 560:
attitudes to business 253 benefits
Page 561 and 562:
Introduction Carson, R. 1962. Silen
Page 563 and 564:
Das, P. K. 2010. Climate Change and
Page 565 and 566:
Reyhner, J. and Eder, J. 2015. Amer
Page 567 and 568:
Aghion, P., Veugelers, R. and Serre
Page 569 and 570:
Hanushek, E. A., Schwerdt, G., Wied
Page 571 and 572:
Pritchett, L. 2006. Does learning t
Page 573 and 574:
Bhurosy, T. and Jeewon, R. 2014. Ov
Page 575 and 576:
Gunewardena, D. 2015. Why aren’t
Page 577 and 578:
McBride, D. E. and Parry, J. A. 201
Page 579 and 580:
United Cities and Local Governments
Page 581 and 582:
Campbell, D. E. 2008. Voice in the
Page 583 and 584:
Mendenhall, M. and Chopra, N. 2016.
Page 585 and 586:
Allen, H. 2013. Africa’s First Fu
Page 587 and 588:
Hanson, D. 2013. Assessing the Harl
Page 589 and 590:
Sirin, S. R. and Rogers-Sirin, L. 2
Page 591 and 592:
Fehling, M., Nelson, B. D. and Venk
Page 593 and 594:
Prichard, W. 2010. Taxation and Sta
Page 595 and 596:
Lager, A. C. J. and Torssander, J.
Page 597 and 598:
Bennell, P. and Akyeampong, K. 2007
Page 599 and 600:
Crouch, L. 2015. Stumbling at the f
Page 601 and 602:
Facione, P. A. 1990. Critical Think
Page 603 and 604:
Hardin, B. J., Vardell, R. and de C
Page 605 and 606:
Inter-Agency Working Group on TVET
Page 607 and 608:
Marfo, K. 2011. Envisioning an Afri
Page 609 and 610:
___. 2009b. INES Network for the Co
Page 611 and 612:
Pew Research Center. 2015. Internet
Page 613 and 614:
South Africa Government. 2013. Regu
Page 615 and 616:
UNDP. 2004. Human Development Repor
Page 617 and 618:
UNICEF and WHO. 2015. Progress on S
Page 619 and 620:
Wortham, S. C. 2013. Common Charact
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