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Maia, J., Giordano, T., Bardien, G., Bodibe, M., Plooy, P. d., Jafta, X., Jarvis, D., Kelder, N., Kruger-Cloete, E., Kuhn, G., Lepelle, R., Makaulule, L., Mosoma, K., Neoh, S., Netshitomboni, N., Ngozo, T. and Swanepoel, J. 2011. Green Jobs: An Estimate on the Direct Employment Potential of a Greening South African Economy, Sandton/Midrand, South Africa/ Pretoria, Industrial Development Corporation/Development Bank of Southern Africa/Trade and Industrial Policy Strategies. Mellor, J. W. 2014. High rural population density Africa: what are the growth requirements and who participates? Food Policy, Vol. 48, pp. 66–75. MGI. 2012. The World at Work: Jobs, Pay and Skills for 3.5 Billion People. New York, McKinsey Global Institute. Montenegro, C. E. and Patrinos, H. A. 2014. Comparable Estimates of Returns to Schooling around the World. Washington, DC, World Bank. (Policy Research Working Paper 7020.) Nkonya, E. M., Kato, E., Oduol, J., Pali, P. and Andrew, F. 2013. Initial impact of integrated agricultural research for development in East and Central Africa. African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 172–84. Ñopo, H., Daza, N. and Ramos, J. 2012. Gender earning gaps around the world: a study of 64 countries. International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 464–513. OECD. 2011. Fostering Innovation for Green Growth. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. ___. 2012. Equity and Quality in Education: Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. ___. 2013. OECD Skills Outlook 2013: First Results from the Survey of Adult Skills. Paris, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. ___. 2014a. Education at a Glance 2014: OECD Indicators. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. ___. 2014b. OECD Factbook 2014: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics. Paris, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. ___. 2014c. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2014. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. ___. 2015a. Education at a Glance 2015: OECD Indicators. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. ___. 2015b. Education at a Glance Interim Report: Update of Employment and Educational Attainment Indicators. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. ___. 2015c. OECD Employment Outlook 2015. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. ___. 2015d. Universal Basic Skills: What Countries Stand to Gain. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. ___. 2016a. Green Investment Banks: Scaling up Private Investment in Low-carbon, Climate-resilient Infrastructure, Green Finance and Investment. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. ___. 2016b. OECD Employment and Labour Market Statistics (database). Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00302-en. OECD and Eurostat. 1999. Environmental Goods and Services Industry Manual for the Collection and Analysis of Data. Paris/ Luxembourg, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/Eurostat. Oketch, M., McCowan, T. and Schendel, R. 2014. The Impact of Tertiary Education on Development. London, UK Department for International Development. (Education Rigorous Literature Review.) Pretty, J. and Bharucha, Z. P. 2014. Sustainable intensification in agricultural systems. Annals of Botany, Vol. 114, pp. 1571–96. Pretty, J., Sutherland, W. J., Ashby, J., Auburn, J., Baulcombe, D., Bell, M., Bentley, J., Bickersteth, S., Brown, K., Burke, J., Campbell, H., Chen, K., Crowley, E., Crute, I., Dobbelaere, D., Edwards-Jones, G., Funes-Monzote, F. Godfray, H. C. J., Griffon, M., Gypmantisiri, P., Haddad, L., Halavatau, S., Herren, H., Holderness, M., Izac, A.-M., Jones, M., Koohafkan, P., Lal, R., Lang, T., McNeely, J., Mueller, A., Nisbett, N., Noble, A., Pingali, P., Pinto, Y., Rabbinge, R., Ravindranath, N. H., Rola, A., Roling, N., Sage, C., Settle, W., Sha, J. M., Shiming, L., Simons, T., Smith, P., Strzepeck, K., Swaine, H., Terry, E., Tomich, T. P., Toulmin, C., Trigo, E., Twomlow, S., Vis, J. K., Wilson, J. and Pilgrim, S. 2010. The top 100 questions of importance to the future of global agriculture. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 219–36. 546 REFERENCES
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GLOBAL EDUCATION MONITORING REPORT
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This Report is an independent publi
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Foreword The 2016 Global Education
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Acknowledgements This report would
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The Global Education Monitoring Rep
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CHAPTER 6 • Partnerships: enablin
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List of figures, tables, and text b
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Figure 17.2: Most primary schools d
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HIGHLIGHTS Education for people and
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PLACE Urbanization puts strain on e
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Monitoring SDG 4 TARGET 4.1: Primar
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A young boy takes part in a refores
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I INTRODUCTION HIGHLIGHTS Transform
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I of environmental degradation and
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I BOX 0.2 THE SDGS WERE CREATED THR
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I (Box 0.4). These principles state
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I TABLE 0.1: How education is typic
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I The Incheon Declaration affirmed
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I The chapter documents the links b
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Here students in Indonesia learn ab
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1 KEY MESSAGES Living sustainably r
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1 other heat-trapping gases into th
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1 so that even countries with natur
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1 in responding to environmental ch
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1 petition, given more money or tak
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1 to these values are notions such
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1 Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, N
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1 “ If education progress is stal
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1 FIGURE 1.3: Poor children in the
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A man stands in a crop of cassava t
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2 KEY MESSAGES Education has a key
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2 on human welfare. Education helps
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2 BOX 2.1 Green industries demand p
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2 considerations and risk managemen
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2 developing regions (de Janvry and
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2 and supporting good governance (A
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2 FIGURE 2.1: Employment is being p
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2 growth does not necessarily mean
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2 jobs and decent earnings, even in
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2 disproportionately affected, acco
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2 Globally, earnings increase by ap
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2 with tertiary education, while th
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2 In many countries, green growth m
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Selina Akter, second year midwifery
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3 KEY MESSAGES Progress in health,
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3 health, water, sanitation, energy
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3 FIGURE 3.2: Women do more unpaid
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3 called for. Women’s empowerment
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3 FIGURE 3.5: There are large dispa
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3 FIGURE 3.7: Education marginaliza
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3 Tanzania revealed that many docto
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3 FIGURE 3.8: While being underweig
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3 FIGURE 3.10: In most countries, w
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3 2007, to 44 months. By 2007, birt
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3 outcomes in many countries, inclu
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3 that most behaviour changes are n
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3 they were twice as likely to hold
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3 Brazil, Indonesia, Rwanda and Sou
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Children look through a destroyed c
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4 KEY MESSAGES Getting children int
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4 EDUCATION MATTERS IN INCREASING P
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4 One direct form of political part
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4 tertiary education formed the cor
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4 “ 35% of out-of-school children
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4 “ Refugee children and adolesce
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4 has expanded in recent years to b
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4 Lack of knowledge and education s
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Favelas in Rio de Janeiro, which fo
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5 KEY MESSAGES Education must be in
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5 FIGURE 5.1A: We live in an increa
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5 adequate knowledge of the local l
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5 it in urban economies is importan
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5 “ Education gaps are often wide
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5 In the United States, the 1954 Su
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5 BOX 5.5 Better urban planning can
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5 FIGURE 5.4A: In Medellín, Colomb
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5 130 CHAPTER 5 | PLACE: INCLUSIVE
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CHAPTER 6 Partnerships: enabling co
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6 Finance..........................
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6 strategic aid, non-traditional pa
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6 Even with substantial increases i
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6 FIGURE 6.4: Inequities in aid to
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6 instructive examples of national
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6 vertical integration is often con
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6 projects had satisfactory outcome
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6 funds; mobilized civil society an
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CHAPTER 7 Projections: forecasting
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7 Projecting global educational att
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7 TABLE 7.2: Projected attainment r
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7 TABLE 7.3: Percentage of countrie
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7 FIGURE 7.4: Universal upper secon
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CHAPTER 8 Education and sustainable
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8 Policy recommendations...........
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8 Evidence gathered for this report
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8 PROSPERITY In order to reduce pov
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8 PARTNERSHIPS In order to ensure a
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CHAPTER 9 The challenges of monitor
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9 Reaching consensus on the post-20
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9 skills in information and communi
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9 The Incheon Declaration requested
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9 offer policy-makers sufficient in
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10 CHAPTER 10 Sustainable Developme
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10 FIGURE 10.1: More than 4 in 10 c
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10 TABLE 10.2: Countries with the l
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10 TABLE 10.3: Completion rates by
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10 FIGURE 10.6: In almost one-quart
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10 SYSTEMS LEARNERS SCHOOL AND CLAS
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10 PROCESSES: CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
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10 and classroom climate to policy-
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10 FIGURE 10.9: In Latin America, a
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10 BOX 10.3 A new module on learnin
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10 assessment between 2007 and 2013
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10 The second issue is that resourc
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10 was administered For global moni
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11 “ In 2014, 44% of children wer
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11 ratio was 44%, while the percent
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11 Because of the range and diversi
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11 30 country reports in 3 areas, n
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11 BOX 11.1 Defining positive and s
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11 At the start of the process to d
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11 FIGURE 11.5: About three-quarter
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12 A typology of TVET recognizes th
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12 are operated by the General Depa
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12 Within its Systems Approach for
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12 Administrative sources provide e
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12 FIGURE 12.6: There are vast diff
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12 But data in this area are still
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12 University rankings Ever since f
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12 for participation is job related
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12 while in Latvia it declined unti
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12 Since the 1990s, Mozambique has
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13 in the social and political life
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13 by a large task. The four themes
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13 found that workers who scored be
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13 A Standard & Poor’s module wit
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13 CONCLUSION This chapter has revi
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14 INEQUALITY MEASURES Measuring in
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14 index equal to 0.86, and at the
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14 The parity index must be interpr
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14 BOX 14.2 The Inter-Agency Group
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14 for at least one of five reasons
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14 behaviour, play, development of
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14 trained in the bilingual curricu
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14 MIGRATION AND FORCED DISPLACEMEN
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14 There are important, sometimes i
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15 Literacy is a basic cognitive sk
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15 BOX 15.1 Measuring participation
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15 FIGURE 15.3: In many countries,
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15 The assessment would need to hav
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15 may reduce the assessment’s va
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16 examines several initiatives tha
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16 COMPREHENSIVE SEXUALITY EDUCATIO
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16 ‘global thinking’, and half
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16 “ Close to 50% of secondary sc
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16 rights training in pre-service t
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16 community, including activities
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16 PISA included questions designed
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16 global population issues, which
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16 ENDNOTES 1. The third phase, 201
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17 “ In the least developed count
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17 entering and moving through the
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17 FIGURE 17.3: Electricity access
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17 it is the more common and often
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17 Violence and attacks against civ
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18 funds a programme managed by the
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18 Around 22,500 scholarships were
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18 About 70% of aid to higher educa
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19 FIGURE 19.1: The pupil/teacher r
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19 The coverage of both indicators
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19 educators were rarely experts in
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19 The survey also asked lower seco
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19 BOX 19.3 Upgrading ‘parents’
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19 As information on occupations is
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20 CHAPTER 20 20 Finance (selected
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20 Faced with similar challenges, t
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20 TABLE 20.1: Selected education f
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20 suggests the lower limit of the
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20 FIGURE 20.5: Information on even
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20 new module on equity and inclusi
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20 “ There is a 42% financing gap
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20 countries is that estimates excl
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20 middle income countries suggests
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21 CHAPTER 21 Education systems (se
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21 DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR MONITORING
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21 While SABER has extended the evi
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21 LOOKING AHEAD In essence, polici
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22 CHAPTER 22 Education in the othe
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22 governments. It measures the num
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22 b. Under-5 mortality rate (death
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22 LIFELONG LEARNING AS A FACTOR CO
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23 CHAPTER 23 Priorities for monito
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23 facilitate well-informed and mea
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23 government and non-government sc
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23 not the main concern. Countries
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23 In light of the expanded scope o
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CHAPTER 24 Epilogue 385
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24 “ When the High-Level Politica
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24 ‘robust, voluntary, effective,
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Annex Statistical Tables Introducti
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5 Statistical tables 1 INTRODUCTION
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5 UIS encourages countries to make
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5 SDG 4 targets and related indicat
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5 Switzerland, The former Yugoslav
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TABLE 1 Background demographic stat
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TABLE 1 Part 1 (Continued) DEMOGRAP
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 1 Backgr
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 1 Part 2
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 2 SDG 4,
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 4 (Conti
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 10 SDG 4
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 10 (Cont
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 13 Part
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 13 Part
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 14 Domes
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477
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5 Aid tables INTRODUCTION 1 The dat
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TABLE 1 Bilateral and multilateral
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DIRECT AID TO POST-SECONDARY EDUCAT
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DIRECT AID TO SECONDARY EDUCATION D
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TABLE 4 ODA recipients (Continued)
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Glossary Adjusted net enrolment rat
Page 519 and 520: Net attendance rate (NAR). Number o
Page 521 and 522: Abbreviations AAPS AES AHELO AIDS A
Page 523 and 524: ILO IMF INES ISCED ISSA LAMP LEARNi
Page 525 and 526: Index This index covers the Introdu
Page 527 and 528: home learning environment 215 ICT f
Page 529 and 530: HIV education 292 NGOs 211 out-of-s
Page 531 and 532: see also traditional knowledge Cura
Page 533 and 534: education Education 2030 Framework
Page 535 and 536: Fiji TVET enrolment 223 violence in
Page 537 and 538: ole of education 61, 78, 88, 165 gr
Page 539 and 540: educational attainment 75, 76, 105
Page 541 and 542: working poverty 57, 61 years of edu
Page 543 and 544: M Macao, China environmental educat
Page 545 and 546: perseverance 249 tertiary education
Page 547 and 548: primary education 314 secondary edu
Page 549 and 550: tertiary education 228, 229, 230, 2
Page 551 and 552: women in politics 99 years of educa
Page 553 and 554: small island developing States stud
Page 555 and 556: perseverance 249 special educationa
Page 557 and 558: within country disparity 186, 231 w
Page 559 and 560: attitudes to business 253 benefits
Page 561 and 562: Introduction Carson, R. 1962. Silen
Page 563 and 564: Das, P. K. 2010. Climate Change and
Page 565 and 566: Reyhner, J. and Eder, J. 2015. Amer
Page 567 and 568: Aghion, P., Veugelers, R. and Serre
Page 569: Hanushek, E. A., Schwerdt, G., Wied
Page 573 and 574: Bhurosy, T. and Jeewon, R. 2014. Ov
Page 575 and 576: Gunewardena, D. 2015. Why aren’t
Page 577 and 578: McBride, D. E. and Parry, J. A. 201
Page 579 and 580: United Cities and Local Governments
Page 581 and 582: Campbell, D. E. 2008. Voice in the
Page 583 and 584: Mendenhall, M. and Chopra, N. 2016.
Page 585 and 586: Allen, H. 2013. Africa’s First Fu
Page 587 and 588: Hanson, D. 2013. Assessing the Harl
Page 589 and 590: Sirin, S. R. and Rogers-Sirin, L. 2
Page 591 and 592: Fehling, M., Nelson, B. D. and Venk
Page 593 and 594: Prichard, W. 2010. Taxation and Sta
Page 595 and 596: Lager, A. C. J. and Torssander, J.
Page 597 and 598: Bennell, P. and Akyeampong, K. 2007
Page 599 and 600: Crouch, L. 2015. Stumbling at the f
Page 601 and 602: Facione, P. A. 1990. Critical Think
Page 603 and 604: Hardin, B. J., Vardell, R. and de C
Page 605 and 606: Inter-Agency Working Group on TVET
Page 607 and 608: Marfo, K. 2011. Envisioning an Afri
Page 609 and 610: ___. 2009b. INES Network for the Co
Page 611 and 612: Pew Research Center. 2015. Internet
Page 613 and 614: South Africa Government. 2013. Regu
Page 615 and 616: UNDP. 2004. Human Development Repor
Page 617 and 618: UNICEF and WHO. 2015. Progress on S
Page 619 and 620: Wortham, S. C. 2013. Common Charact
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