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TABLE 1 Part 1 (Continued) DEMOGRAPHY 1 GDP AND POVERTY 2 LEGAL GUARANTEE OF COMPULSORY AND FREE EDUCATION 4 Total population (000) Average annual growth rate (%) Current US$ GDP per capita PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION Population living on Free education (years) Current PPP US$ less than PPP US$1.90 a day (%) Compulsory education (age group) Free education (years) Compulsory education (age group) Primary Secondary 402 Country or territory 2016 2016 2014 2014 2003–2013 3 Argentina 43,847 0.9 12,510 ... 1.8 5-5 3 6-18 6 6 Aruba 104 0.3 ... ... ... 4-5 2 6-17 6 5 Bahamas 393 1.1 22,217 23,491 ... . 2 5-16 6 6 Barbados 285 0.2 15,366 16,058 ... . 2 5-16 6 5 Belize 367 2.0 4,831 8,417 ... . . 5-14 6 . Bermuda 62 -0.4 ... ... ... . . 5-16 6 7 Bolivia, Plurinational States of 6 10,888 1.5 3,124 6,630 7.7 5-5 2 6-16 6 6 Brazil 7 209,568 0.8 11,384 15,838 4.9 4-5 2 6-17 5 7 British Virgin Islands 7 31 1.6 ... ... ... . . 5-16 7 5 Cayman Islands 8 61 1.3 ... ... ... . 2 5-17 6 6 Chile 18,132 1.0 14,528 22,346 0.9 5-5 1 6-21 6 6 Colombia 48,654 0.8 7,904 13,357 6.1 5-5 3 6-15 5 6 Costa Rica 4,857 1.0 10,415 14,918 1.7 3-5 3 6-15 6 5 Cuba 11,393 0.0 ... ... ... . 3 6-16 6 6 Curaçao 159 0.8 ... ... ... 4-5 … 6-18 … … Dominica 73 0.4 7,244 10,877 ... . . 5-16 7 4 Dominican Republic 10,649 1.1 6,164 13,262 2.3 5-5 3 6-18 6 6 Ecuador 16,385 1.4 6,346 11,372 4.4 5-5 3 6-18 6 6 El Salvador 6,146 0.3 4,120 8,351 3.3 4-6 3 7-15 6 3 Grenada 107 0.5 8,574 12,425 ... . 2 5-16 7 5 Guatemala 16,673 1.9 3,673 7,454 11.5 5-6 2 7-15 6 5 Guyana 771 0.5 4,054 ... ... . 2 6-15 6 5 Haiti 10,848 1.2 824 1,732 53.9 . . 6-11 6 . Honduras 8,190 1.4 2,435 4,909 18.9 5-5 3 6-15 6 3 Jamaica 6 2,803 0.3 5,105 8,875 1.7 . . 6-14 6 . Mexico 128,632 1.2 10,326 17,108 2.7 4-5 2 6-18 6 6 Montserrat 8 5 0.5 ... ... ... . . 5-16 7 5 Nicaragua 6,150 1.1 1,963 4,918 10.8 5-5 . 6-11 6 3 Panama 3,990 1.5 11,949 20,895 2.9 4-5 2 6-15 6 3 Paraguay 6,725 1.2 4,713 8,911 2.2 5-5 3 6-18 6 6 Peru 31,774 1.2 6,541 11,989 3.7 3-5 3 6-18 6 5 Saint Kitts and Nevis 56 1.0 15,510 23,239 ... . . 5-16 7 4 Saint Lucia 6 186 0.7 7,648 10,733 ... . . 5-15 7 3 Saint-Martin 8 … … ... ... ... . … … … … Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 110 0.2 6,669 10,727 ... . 2 5-16 7 5 Sint-Maarten 8 40 1.3 ... ... ... . … … … … Suriname 548 0.8 9,680 16,638 ... . . 6-11 6 . Trinidad and Tobago 1,365 0.3 21,324 31,967 ... . … 5-11 6 … Turks and Caicos Islands 8 35 1.5 ... ... ... 4-5 … 6-17 … … Uruguay 3,444 0.4 16,807 20,884 0.3 4-5 2 6-17 6 6 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 31,519 1.3 ... ... 9.2 4-5 3 6-14 6 5 Northern Africa and Western Asia Algeria 40,376 1.6 5,484 14,193 ... . 1 6-16 5 7 Bahrain 6 1,397 1.5 24,855 45,500 ... . . 6-15 6 6 Egypt 93,384 1.9 3,199 10,530 ... . . 6-14 6 6 Iraq 37,548 2.8 6,420 15,057 ... . . 6-11 6 6 Israel 8,192 1.6 37,208 33,230 ... . . 6-18 6 6 Jordan 7,748 1.5 5,423 12,050 0.1 . . 6-16 6 6 Kuwait 6 4,007 2.1 43,594 73,246 ... . . 6-14 5 4 Lebanon 5,988 0.1 10,058 17,462 ... . 2 6-12 6 . Libya 6,330 1.3 6,573 15,597 ... 5-5 1 6-15 6 3 Morocco 34,817 1.2 3,190 7,491 3.1 . . 6-15 6 3 Oman 6 4,654 1.4 19,310 38,631 ... . . . 4 8 Palestine 4,797 2.7 ... ... 0.3 . . 6-16 4 8 Qatar 6 2,291 1.9 96,732 140,649 ... . . 6-18 6 3 Saudi Arabia 32,158 1.7 24,161 51,924 ... . . 6-15 6 6 Sudan 41,176 2.4 1,876 4,069 14.9 . . 6-13 6 2 Syrian Arab Republic 18,564 2.5 ... ... ... . . 6-15 4 8 Tunisia 11,375 1.0 4,421 11,436 2.0 . 3 6-16 6 7 Turkey 79,622 0.9 10,515 19,199 0.3 . 3 6-18 4 8 United Arab Emirates 6 9,267 1.4 43,963 67,674 ... . 2 6-12 5 7 Yemen 27,478 2.3 ... ... ... . . 6-15 6 3 The Pacific Australia 6 28,875 1.2 61,925 43,930 ... . 1 5-17 7 6 Cook Islands 7 21 0.6 ... ... ... . 2 5-16 6 7 Fiji 898 0.5 5,112 8,792 3.6 . . 6-18 6 6 Kiribati 114 1.7 1,510 1,809 14.1 . . 6-15 6 3 Marshall Islands 53 0.1 3,530 3,803 ... 5-5 1 6-14 6 2 Micronesia (Federated States of) 532 1.0 3,057 3,331 ... . . 6-14 6 2 Nauru 7 10 0.4 ... ... ... . 2 6-16 6 6 New Zealand 4,565 0.9 44,342 36,390 ... . . 6-16 6 7 Niue 7 2 0.1 ... ... ... . 1 5-16 6 6 Palau 7 22 1.1 11,880 14,757 ... . 3 6-17 6 6 Papua New Guinea 7,776 2.0 2,268 2,855 39.3 . . . . . Samoa 195 0.6 4,172 5,789 0.8 . . 5-14 . . Solomon Islands 595 1.8 2,024 2,130 45.6 . . . . . Tokelau 7 1 1.6 ... ... ... . … 5-16 … … Tonga 107 0.8 4,114 5,211 1.1 4-5 . 6-18 . .
TABLE 1 Part 1 (Continued) DEMOGRAPHY 1 GDP AND POVERTY 2 LEGAL GUARANTEE OF COMPULSORY AND FREE EDUCATION 4 Total population (000) Average annual growth rate (%) Current US$ GDP per capita PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION Population living on Free education (years) Current PPP US$ less than PPP US$1.90 a day (%) Compulsory education (age group) Free education (years) Compulsory education (age group) Primary Secondary Country or territory 2016 2016 2014 2014 2003–2013 3 Tuvalu 7 10 0.4 3,827 3,765 ... . . 6-15 6 . Vanuatu 270 2.1 3,148 3,031 15.4 . . . . . Southern Asia Afghanistan 33,370 2.3 634 1,933 ... . 4 7-16 6 6 Bangladesh 162,911 1.1 1,087 3,123 43.7 . . 6-10 5 . Bhutan 784 1.1 2,561 7,816 2.2 . . . 7 3 India 1,326,802 1.2 1,582 5,701 21.3 . . 6-14 5 3 Iran, Islamic Republic of 80,043 1.1 5,443 17,303 0.1 . . 6-14 6 2 Maldives 6 370 1.6 7,635 12,530 5.6 . . . 7 5 Nepal 28,851 1.1 702 2,374 15.0 . . . 5 . Pakistan 192,827 2.0 1,317 4,811 8.3 . . 5-16 5 7 Sri Lanka 20,811 0.4 3,819 11,181 1.7 . 1 5-14 5 8 Sub-Saharan Africa Angola 25,831 3.1 ... ... 30.1 . . 6-11 6 . Benin 11,167 2.6 903 2,030 53.1 . . 6-11 6 . Botswana 2,304 1.7 7,123 16,099 18.2 . . . . . Burkina Faso 18,634 2.8 713 1,620 55.3 . . 6-16 6 4 Burundi 11,553 3.2 286 770 77.7 . . . 6 … Cabo Verde 527 1.2 3,641 6,520 17.6 . . 6-16 6 2 Cameroon 23,924 2.4 1,407 2,972 29.3 . . 6-11 6 . Central African Republic 4,998 2.0 359 594 66.3 . 3 6-15 6 7 Chad 14,497 3.1 1,025 2,182 38.4 . 3 6-16 6 7 Comoros 807 2.3 810 1,429 13.5 . . 6-14 6 . Congo 4,741 2.6 3,147 6,277 28.7 . 3 6-16 6 7 Côte d’Ivoire 23,254 2.4 1,546 3,258 29.0 . . . . . Democratic Rep. of the Congo 79,723 3.1 442 746 77.2 . . 6-15 6 . Djibouti 900 1.3 1,814 3,270 18.3 . 2 6-16 5 7 Equatorial Guinea 870 2.8 18,918 34,739 ... . . 7-12 6 . Eritrea 5,352 2.4 ... ... ... . . 6-13 . . Ethiopia 101,853 2.4 574 1,500 33.5 . . . 6 . Gabon 1,763 2.1 10,772 19,430 8.0 . . 6-16 5 5 Gambia 2,055 3.1 ... ... 45.3 . . … … … Ghana 28,033 2.2 1,442 4,082 25.2 4-5 2 6-15 6 3 Guinea 12,947 2.6 540 1,221 35.3 . . 7-16 6 … Guinea-Bissau 1,888 2.3 568 1,386 67.1 . . 6-15 . . Kenya 47,251 2.5 1,358 2,954 33.6 . 3 6-18 6 6 Lesotho 2,160 1.1 1,034 2,638 59.7 . . 6-12 7 … Liberia 4,615 2.5 458 841 68.6 . . 6-16 6 . Madagascar 24,916 2.7 449 1,439 81.8 . 3 6-10 5 7 Malawi 17,750 3.0 255 822 70.9 . … . 6 … Mali 18,135 3.0 705 1,599 49.3 . 4 7-15 6 6 Mauritania 4,166 2.3 1,275 3,912 10.9 . . 6-14 . . Mauritius 1,277 0.3 10,017 18,585 0.5 . … 5-16 6 7 Mozambique 28,751 2.7 586 1,129 68.7 . . 6-12 . . Namibia 2,514 2.1 5,408 9,956 22.6 . . 7-16 7 . Niger 20,715 4.0 427 938 50.3 4-6 . 7-16 . . Nigeria 186,988 2.5 3,203 5,911 53.5 . . 6-15 6 3 Rwanda 11,883 2.3 696 1,661 60.3 . . 7-16 6 3 Sao Tome and Principe 194 2.1 1,811 3,176 33.9 . . 6-11 6 . Senegal 15,589 2.9 1,067 2,333 38.0 . . 6-16 6 4 Seychelles 97 0.5 15,543 26,386 0.4 . . 6-16 6 7 Sierra Leone 6,592 2.1 766 1,966 52.3 . . 6-15 6 3 Somalia 11,079 2.8 543 ... ... . 3 . 6 6 South Africa 54,979 0.8 6,483 13,046 16.6 . . 7-15 . . South Sudan 12,733 2.7 1,115 2,019 ... . . 6-11 6 . Swaziland 1,304 1.2 3,477 8,292 42.0 . . 6-12 7 . Togo 7,497 2.5 635 1,429 54.2 . . 6-15 6 . Uganda 40,323 3.2 715 1,771 33.2 . . 6-12 7 . United Republic of Tanzania 55,155 3.0 955 2,538 46.6 . 2 7-13 7 6 Zambia 16,717 3.1 1,722 3,904 64.4 . . . 7 … Zimbabwe 15,967 2.3 931 1,792 ... 4-5 2 6-14 7 2 403
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GLOBAL EDUCATION MONITORING REPORT
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This Report is an independent publi
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Foreword The 2016 Global Education
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Acknowledgements This report would
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The Global Education Monitoring Rep
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CHAPTER 6 • Partnerships: enablin
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List of figures, tables, and text b
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Figure 17.2: Most primary schools d
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HIGHLIGHTS Education for people and
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PLACE Urbanization puts strain on e
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Monitoring SDG 4 TARGET 4.1: Primar
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A young boy takes part in a refores
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I INTRODUCTION HIGHLIGHTS Transform
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I of environmental degradation and
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I BOX 0.2 THE SDGS WERE CREATED THR
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I (Box 0.4). These principles state
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I TABLE 0.1: How education is typic
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I The Incheon Declaration affirmed
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I The chapter documents the links b
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Here students in Indonesia learn ab
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1 KEY MESSAGES Living sustainably r
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1 other heat-trapping gases into th
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1 so that even countries with natur
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1 in responding to environmental ch
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1 petition, given more money or tak
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1 to these values are notions such
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1 Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, N
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1 “ If education progress is stal
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1 FIGURE 1.3: Poor children in the
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A man stands in a crop of cassava t
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2 KEY MESSAGES Education has a key
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2 on human welfare. Education helps
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2 BOX 2.1 Green industries demand p
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2 considerations and risk managemen
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2 developing regions (de Janvry and
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2 and supporting good governance (A
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2 FIGURE 2.1: Employment is being p
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2 growth does not necessarily mean
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2 jobs and decent earnings, even in
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2 disproportionately affected, acco
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2 Globally, earnings increase by ap
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2 with tertiary education, while th
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2 In many countries, green growth m
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Selina Akter, second year midwifery
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3 KEY MESSAGES Progress in health,
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3 health, water, sanitation, energy
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3 FIGURE 3.2: Women do more unpaid
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3 called for. Women’s empowerment
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3 FIGURE 3.5: There are large dispa
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3 FIGURE 3.7: Education marginaliza
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3 Tanzania revealed that many docto
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3 FIGURE 3.8: While being underweig
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3 FIGURE 3.10: In most countries, w
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3 2007, to 44 months. By 2007, birt
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3 outcomes in many countries, inclu
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3 that most behaviour changes are n
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3 they were twice as likely to hold
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3 Brazil, Indonesia, Rwanda and Sou
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Children look through a destroyed c
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4 KEY MESSAGES Getting children int
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4 EDUCATION MATTERS IN INCREASING P
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4 One direct form of political part
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4 tertiary education formed the cor
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4 “ 35% of out-of-school children
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4 “ Refugee children and adolesce
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4 has expanded in recent years to b
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4 Lack of knowledge and education s
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Favelas in Rio de Janeiro, which fo
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5 KEY MESSAGES Education must be in
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5 FIGURE 5.1A: We live in an increa
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5 adequate knowledge of the local l
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5 it in urban economies is importan
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5 “ Education gaps are often wide
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5 In the United States, the 1954 Su
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5 BOX 5.5 Better urban planning can
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5 FIGURE 5.4A: In Medellín, Colomb
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5 130 CHAPTER 5 | PLACE: INCLUSIVE
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CHAPTER 6 Partnerships: enabling co
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6 Finance..........................
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6 strategic aid, non-traditional pa
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6 Even with substantial increases i
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6 FIGURE 6.4: Inequities in aid to
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6 instructive examples of national
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6 vertical integration is often con
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6 projects had satisfactory outcome
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6 funds; mobilized civil society an
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CHAPTER 7 Projections: forecasting
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7 Projecting global educational att
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7 TABLE 7.2: Projected attainment r
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7 TABLE 7.3: Percentage of countrie
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7 FIGURE 7.4: Universal upper secon
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CHAPTER 8 Education and sustainable
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8 Policy recommendations...........
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8 Evidence gathered for this report
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8 PROSPERITY In order to reduce pov
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8 PARTNERSHIPS In order to ensure a
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CHAPTER 9 The challenges of monitor
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9 Reaching consensus on the post-20
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9 skills in information and communi
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9 The Incheon Declaration requested
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9 offer policy-makers sufficient in
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10 CHAPTER 10 Sustainable Developme
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10 FIGURE 10.1: More than 4 in 10 c
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10 TABLE 10.2: Countries with the l
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10 TABLE 10.3: Completion rates by
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10 FIGURE 10.6: In almost one-quart
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10 SYSTEMS LEARNERS SCHOOL AND CLAS
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10 PROCESSES: CLASSROOM OBSERVATION
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10 and classroom climate to policy-
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10 FIGURE 10.9: In Latin America, a
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10 BOX 10.3 A new module on learnin
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10 assessment between 2007 and 2013
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10 The second issue is that resourc
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10 was administered For global moni
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11 “ In 2014, 44% of children wer
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11 ratio was 44%, while the percent
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11 Because of the range and diversi
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11 30 country reports in 3 areas, n
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11 BOX 11.1 Defining positive and s
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11 At the start of the process to d
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11 FIGURE 11.5: About three-quarter
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12 A typology of TVET recognizes th
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12 are operated by the General Depa
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12 Within its Systems Approach for
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12 Administrative sources provide e
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12 FIGURE 12.6: There are vast diff
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12 But data in this area are still
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12 University rankings Ever since f
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12 for participation is job related
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12 while in Latvia it declined unti
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12 Since the 1990s, Mozambique has
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13 in the social and political life
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13 by a large task. The four themes
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13 found that workers who scored be
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13 A Standard & Poor’s module wit
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13 CONCLUSION This chapter has revi
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14 INEQUALITY MEASURES Measuring in
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14 index equal to 0.86, and at the
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14 The parity index must be interpr
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14 BOX 14.2 The Inter-Agency Group
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14 for at least one of five reasons
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14 behaviour, play, development of
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14 trained in the bilingual curricu
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14 MIGRATION AND FORCED DISPLACEMEN
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14 There are important, sometimes i
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15 Literacy is a basic cognitive sk
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15 BOX 15.1 Measuring participation
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15 FIGURE 15.3: In many countries,
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15 The assessment would need to hav
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15 may reduce the assessment’s va
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16 examines several initiatives tha
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16 COMPREHENSIVE SEXUALITY EDUCATIO
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16 ‘global thinking’, and half
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16 “ Close to 50% of secondary sc
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16 rights training in pre-service t
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16 community, including activities
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16 PISA included questions designed
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16 global population issues, which
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16 ENDNOTES 1. The third phase, 201
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17 “ In the least developed count
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17 entering and moving through the
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17 FIGURE 17.3: Electricity access
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17 it is the more common and often
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17 Violence and attacks against civ
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18 funds a programme managed by the
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18 Around 22,500 scholarships were
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18 About 70% of aid to higher educa
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19 FIGURE 19.1: The pupil/teacher r
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19 The coverage of both indicators
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19 educators were rarely experts in
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19 The survey also asked lower seco
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19 BOX 19.3 Upgrading ‘parents’
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19 As information on occupations is
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20 CHAPTER 20 20 Finance (selected
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20 Faced with similar challenges, t
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20 TABLE 20.1: Selected education f
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20 suggests the lower limit of the
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20 FIGURE 20.5: Information on even
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Page 385 and 386: 21 DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR MONITORING
Page 387 and 388: 21 While SABER has extended the evi
Page 389 and 390: 21 LOOKING AHEAD In essence, polici
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Page 393 and 394: 22 governments. It measures the num
Page 395 and 396: 22 b. Under-5 mortality rate (death
Page 397 and 398: 22 LIFELONG LEARNING AS A FACTOR CO
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Page 409 and 410: CHAPTER 24 Epilogue 385
Page 411 and 412: 24 “ When the High-Level Politica
Page 413 and 414: 24 ‘robust, voluntary, effective,
Page 415 and 416: Annex Statistical Tables Introducti
Page 417 and 418: 5 Statistical tables 1 INTRODUCTION
Page 419 and 420: 5 UIS encourages countries to make
Page 421 and 422: 5 SDG 4 targets and related indicat
Page 423 and 424: 5 Switzerland, The former Yugoslav
Page 425: TABLE 1 Background demographic stat
Page 429 and 430: STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 1 Backgr
Page 431 and 432: STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 1 Part 2
Page 433 and 434: STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 2 SDG 4,
Page 451 and 452: STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 4 (Conti
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 10 SDG 4
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 10 (Cont
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 13 Part
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 13 Part
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STATISTICAL TABLES 1 TABLE 14 Domes
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477
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5 Aid tables INTRODUCTION 1 The dat
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TABLE 1 Bilateral and multilateral
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DIRECT AID TO POST-SECONDARY EDUCAT
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DIRECT AID TO SECONDARY EDUCATION D
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TABLE 4 ODA recipients (Continued)
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Glossary Adjusted net enrolment rat
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Net attendance rate (NAR). Number o
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Abbreviations AAPS AES AHELO AIDS A
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ILO IMF INES ISCED ISSA LAMP LEARNi
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Index This index covers the Introdu
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home learning environment 215 ICT f
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HIV education 292 NGOs 211 out-of-s
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see also traditional knowledge Cura
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education Education 2030 Framework
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Fiji TVET enrolment 223 violence in
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ole of education 61, 78, 88, 165 gr
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educational attainment 75, 76, 105
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working poverty 57, 61 years of edu
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M Macao, China environmental educat
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perseverance 249 tertiary education
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primary education 314 secondary edu
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tertiary education 228, 229, 230, 2
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women in politics 99 years of educa
Page 553 and 554:
small island developing States stud
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perseverance 249 special educationa
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within country disparity 186, 231 w
Page 559 and 560:
attitudes to business 253 benefits
Page 561 and 562:
Introduction Carson, R. 1962. Silen
Page 563 and 564:
Das, P. K. 2010. Climate Change and
Page 565 and 566:
Reyhner, J. and Eder, J. 2015. Amer
Page 567 and 568:
Aghion, P., Veugelers, R. and Serre
Page 569 and 570:
Hanushek, E. A., Schwerdt, G., Wied
Page 571 and 572:
Pritchett, L. 2006. Does learning t
Page 573 and 574:
Bhurosy, T. and Jeewon, R. 2014. Ov
Page 575 and 576:
Gunewardena, D. 2015. Why aren’t
Page 577 and 578:
McBride, D. E. and Parry, J. A. 201
Page 579 and 580:
United Cities and Local Governments
Page 581 and 582:
Campbell, D. E. 2008. Voice in the
Page 583 and 584:
Mendenhall, M. and Chopra, N. 2016.
Page 585 and 586:
Allen, H. 2013. Africa’s First Fu
Page 587 and 588:
Hanson, D. 2013. Assessing the Harl
Page 589 and 590:
Sirin, S. R. and Rogers-Sirin, L. 2
Page 591 and 592:
Fehling, M., Nelson, B. D. and Venk
Page 593 and 594:
Prichard, W. 2010. Taxation and Sta
Page 595 and 596:
Lager, A. C. J. and Torssander, J.
Page 597 and 598:
Bennell, P. and Akyeampong, K. 2007
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Crouch, L. 2015. Stumbling at the f
Page 601 and 602:
Facione, P. A. 1990. Critical Think
Page 603 and 604:
Hardin, B. J., Vardell, R. and de C
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Inter-Agency Working Group on TVET
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