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The Complete Book of Spaceflight: From Apollo 1 to Zero Gravity

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Service Module<br />

See <strong>Apollo</strong>.<br />

service <strong>to</strong>wer<br />

<strong>The</strong> vertical structure that provides access <strong>to</strong> various levels<br />

<strong>of</strong> a spacecraft <strong>to</strong> prepare it for launch. <strong>The</strong> service<br />

<strong>to</strong>wer also supports the spacecraft until its own engines<br />

and guidance system take over.<br />

Serviss, Garrett (Putnam) (1851–1929)<br />

An American journalist and a writer <strong>of</strong> popular astronomy<br />

fiction and nonfiction, whose Edison’s Conquest <strong>of</strong> Mars 267<br />

introduces the first-ever scenes <strong>of</strong> fleets <strong>of</strong> interplanetary<br />

spacecraft. An experienced astronomer, Serviss was able <strong>to</strong><br />

inject a dose <strong>of</strong> realism in<strong>to</strong> his narratives that was missing<br />

from the space s<strong>to</strong>ries <strong>of</strong> many <strong>of</strong> his contemporaries.<br />

Sfera<br />

Soviet military geodetic satellites. Although Sfera<br />

(“sphere”) data was applied <strong>to</strong> purely scientific problems<br />

SERT Missions<br />

Total mass: 1,404 kg<br />

SFU (Space Flyer Unit) 373<br />

Spacecraft Date<br />

Launch<br />

Vehicle Site Orbit<br />

SERT 1 Jul. 20, 1964 Scout X-4 Wallops Island 30-min suborbital flight<br />

SERT 2 Feb. 4, 1970 LT Thor-Agena D Vandenberg 1,037 × 1,044 km × 99.3°<br />

such as measuring continental drift, it was used mostly by<br />

the Red Army General Staff in military <strong>to</strong>pographical<br />

research. This work, in turn, allowed improved accuracy<br />

for long-range weapons. Flight tests for Sfera <strong>to</strong>ok place<br />

from 1968 <strong>to</strong> 1972 and operational launches from 1973 <strong>to</strong><br />

1980, using Cosmos-3M launch vehicles from Plesetsk.<br />

SFU (Space Flyer Unit)<br />

A Japanese satellite carrying materials, science, astronomy,<br />

and biological experiments. Launched by NASDA<br />

(National Space Development Agency), it was retrieved<br />

Launch<br />

Date: March 18, 1995<br />

Vehicle: H-2<br />

Site: Tanegashima<br />

Orbit: 471 × 483 km × 28.5°<br />

Mass: 4,000 kg<br />

SERT (Space Electric Rocket<br />

Test) Raymond J. Rulis, SERT-1<br />

Program Manager, examining<br />

SERT-1 after its arrival at Lewis<br />

Research Center for preflight<br />

testing. A Lewis-built ion engine<br />

is in front <strong>of</strong> Rulis, and a<br />

Hughes-built engine is on the<br />

other side. NASA

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