The Complete Book of Spaceflight: From Apollo 1 to Zero Gravity

48 Avdeyev, Sergei
Avdeyev, Sergei (1956–)
Cosmonaut, selected in 1987, who holds the record for
the longest total time spent in space—747 days. This was
accumulated during three stays aboard Mir: July 27, 1992,
to February 1, 1993 (188.9 days); September 3, 1995, to
February 29, 1996 (179.1 days); and August 13, 1998, to
August 28, 1999 (379.6 days). On these missions,
Avdeyev carried out 10 spacewalks lasting a total of 42
hours.
average thrust
The total impulse divided by the burn time.
avionics
The electronics and instrumentation that help in controlling
a flight.
AXAF (Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility)
See Chandra X-ray Observatory.
axis
One of three lines of reference around which a spacecraft
can rotate. These lines are the longitudinal (front-toback),
horizontal, and vertical axes. Rotation along them
is known as roll, pitch, and yaw, respectively.
Ayama
See ECS (Experimental Communications Satellite).
Azur
Germany’s first scientific satellite; it studied the Van Allen
belts, solar particles, and aurora. Its name is German for
“blue.”
Launch
Date: November 8, 1969
Vehicle: Scout B
Site: Vandenberg Air Force Base
Orbit: 373 × 2,127 km × 102.7°
Mass: 71 kg