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Lim, G.S.; Hussein, M.Y.; Ooi, A.C.P.; Zain, M.B.A.R. 1983. Pesticide application technology in annual crops in Malaysia. In Lim, G.S.; Ramasamy, S., ed., Pesticide application technology. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pp. 13-41. Litsinger, J.A.; Price, E.C.; Herrara, R.T. 1980. Small farmer pest control practices for rainfed rice, corn and grain legumes in three Philippines provinces. Philippine Entomologist, 4,65-86. Matthews, G.A. 1983. Problems and trends in pesticide application technology. In Lirn, G.S.; Ramasamy, S., ed., Pesticide application technology. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pp. 163-1 70. Jusoh Mamat, Md.; Anas, A.N. 1988. Herbicide application technology for irrigated rice in Malaysia. In Lam, Y.M.; Cheong, A.W.; Azmi, M., ed., Proceedings of the national seminar and workshop on rice field weed management, Penang. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pp. 221-229. Jusoh Mamat, Md.; Heong, K.L.; Rahim, M. 1985. Principles and methodology of pesticide application techniques. In Proceedings of the workshop and course on pesticide application technology, 21-26 October 1985, Urtiversiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Jusoh Mamat, Md.; Anas, A.N.; Heong, K.L.; Chan, C.W.; Nik Mohd Nor, N .S.; Ho, N.K.; Zaiton, S.; Fauzi, A. 1987. Features of lever operated knapsack sprayer considered important by Muda rice farmers in deciding which sprayer to buy. In Proceedings of the international conference on pesticides in tropical agriculture, 23-25 September 1987, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Normiya, R. 1982. Problems in transfer, delivery and acceptance of rice technology. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Rural Sociology Bulletin 12. Ooi, A.C.P.; Heong, K.L.; Lim, B.K; Mazian, S. 1983. Adoption of pesticide application technology by small-scale farmers in peninsular Malaysia. In Lim, G.S.; Ramasamy, S., ed., Pesticide application technology. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pp. 148-158. Prasadja, I.; Ruhendi. 1980. Farmers' existing technology and pest control practices for food crops at three locations in Jogjakarta Province. Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Central Research Institute for Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia. 59 pp. Thornhill, E.W. 1987. Lever-operated sprayer selection. In Proceedings of the international conference on pesticides in tropical agriculture, 23-25 September 1987, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Zain, M.B.A.R. 1977. Survey on the use of pesticides on tobacco in peninsular Malaysia. Crop Protection Branch, Department of Agriculture, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Report 1. 184
Zam, A.K. 1980. Bancian pengurusan dan kawalan serangga perosak padi di rancangan perairan tanjung karang dan krian. Laporan Cawangan Pemeliharaan Tanaman, Jabatan Pertanian, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Zeren, Y.; Moser, E. 1988. Effects of electrostatic charging and vertical air current on deposition of pesticide on cotton plant canopy. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia and Latin America, 19(1), 55-60. 185
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Impact of pesticide use on health i
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IMPACT OF PESTICIDE USE ON HEALTH I
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©International Development Researc
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Contents Acknowledgments viii Forew
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Control of disease vectors: a curre
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Foreword From their first appearanc
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PART! EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PESTICIDE POI
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Although pesticides are used both i
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Table 1. Introduction of pesticides
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problem. The International Developm
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impact of pesticides on Canadian wi
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investigated further. For example,
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Conclusions The subject of this vol
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Jusoh Mamat, M.; Anas, A.N.; Heong,
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Health-risk assessment of pesticide
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especially in the absence of comple
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depends largely on external factors
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Specific situations may require spe
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that the best possible work is done
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doses (chronic poisoning) or delaye
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Table 1. Poisoning incidents in fou
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Pesticide research for public healt
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Current pest control practices in T
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800- 400- 200 - 1980 1981 1982 1983
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designed 30-40 years ago (Jusoh Mam
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and tore easily. One investigation
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education, mass-communication tools
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Increase and improve training activ
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Castaneda, C.P. 1988. Pesticide poi
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Ooi, A.C.P.; Heong, K.L.; Lim, B.K.
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Investigations into acute pyrethroi
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Level of exposure To assess the lev
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Table 2. Cases of acute pyrethroid
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(in 121 subjects), usually develope
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Deltamethrin was detectable in the
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pyrethroid poisoning. Therefore, th
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Gilliatt, R.W.; Willison, R.G. 1963
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Table 1. Value of imported pesticid
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Study two Twelve farmers participat
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All activities Left hand (73.2) Lef
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Acknowledgment- The three studies r
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Since the creation of Pakistan in 1
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Table 1. Incidents of pesticide poi
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Sandu, S.S.; Waters, M.D.; Simmon,
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and chlordane. Pest resistance to t
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young workers was 15.8%, 6.8%, and
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Storage of pesticides Although the
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Discussion The lowland regions and
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Pulmonary obstructive disease in a
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To investigate the presence and mea
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Age (years) Table 1. Distribution o
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was among paraquat users who smoked
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Levin, P.J.; Klaff, L.J.; Rose, A.G
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the delta. The total population of
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The successive and simultaneous rel
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on clinical studies and laboratory
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This made the collection of blood s
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Table 1. Relation between informati
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analysis, and engaging in various t
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Table 1. Value (million KSH) of pes
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To develop a health-education packa
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Storage site Table 3. Storage of ag
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Table 5. Causes of agrochemical and
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Methods A pilot field survey was un
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Conclusion The practices followed b
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manufactured or formulated locally,
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However, based on individual compla
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Table 4. Acetylcholinesterase activ
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Age did not appear to be an importa
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eactions to the pesticides in occup
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Bowers, M,B.; Goodman, E.; Sim, V.M
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Extent of exposure of farm workers
Page 145 and 146: Group III consisted of 31 farmers w
Page 147 and 148: 25 - 0 Level of exposure J Group 1,
Page 149 and 150: Pesticides were stored everywhere c
Page 151 and 152: Table 2. Concluded. Question Answer
Page 153 and 154: PART II RELATING PESTICIDE DEVELOPM
Page 155 and 156: Toxicity Table 1. Requirements and
Page 157 and 158: Screening Process development Route
Page 159 and 160: Progress in improving safety Pestic
Page 161 and 162: type of formulation, and warning pr
Page 163 and 164: The pyrethroid, cypermethrin, is mo
Page 165 and 166: Studying the effects of pesticides
Page 167 and 168: of the risk is a quantitative issue
Page 169 and 170: egistry could be linked to the lice
Page 171 and 172: poisoned through mishandling of an
Page 173 and 174: no documented incident could be fou
Page 175 and 176: Region Table 3. Use of using pictog
Page 177 and 178: of fluorinated HDPE because fluorin
Page 179 and 180: Current initiatives, at the interna
Page 181 and 182: inding within their jurisdictions.
Page 183 and 184: Benefits of a hazard auditor From t
Page 185 and 186: different agencies take to be permi
Page 187 and 188: industry and of its serving to legi
Page 189 and 190: Anonymous. 1988a. FAO code of condu
Page 191 and 192: (Adam 1976; Fraser and Burrill 1979
Page 193 and 194: in the lower price categories tend
Page 195: Anas, N.; Jusoh Mamat, Md.; Heong,
Page 199 and 200: Materials and methods Assessment of
Page 201 and 202: At the end of each day's operations
Page 203 and 204: Table 3. Number of garments chafing
Page 205 and 206: underlines the need to change attit
Page 207 and 208: Evaluation and management of pestic
Page 209 and 210: target and react with some crucial
Page 211 and 212: scientists on a contractual basis,
Page 213 and 214: pesticides in developing countries
Page 215 and 216: Regional information resources for
Page 217 and 218: Table 2. Number of enquiries receiv
Page 219 and 220: extent of this problem in developin
Page 221 and 222: Promoting the safe use of pesticide
Page 223 and 224: pests) is observed. Thus, the "quic
Page 225 and 226: is one of principal agencies respon
Page 227 and 228: Pretesting materials in training an
Page 229 and 230: of costly medical technologies and
Page 231 and 232: The agricultural sector has by far
Page 233 and 234: At the community level, the extent
Page 235 and 236: Neufeld, V. 1989. Community-based m
Page 237 and 238: Outline for learning module using o
Page 239 and 240: WHO (World Health Organization). 19
Page 241 and 242: In the past decade, tremendous effo
Page 243 and 244: Jiang-Su province Results and discu
Page 245 and 246: As a result of deregulation, the nu
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Table 3. Proportion of workers usin
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Shih, J.H.; Wu, Z.Q.; Zhang, Y.X.;
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Pesticides and wildlife: a short gu
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Using target-specific products mini
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specifications. Other data are asse
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Formulation-specific concerns The e
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mirex, and chiordecone have been ba
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1984). The base for pesticide granu
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e more stringently reviewed. In Can
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For example, searching for carcasse
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overlooked. In developing countries
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Establish monitoring programs to de
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Grue, C.E.; Fleming, W.J.; Busby, D
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Schafer, E.W., Jr; Brunton, R.B. 19
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Table 1. Prevalence and distributio
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By 1980, resistance to at least one
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tries. Japanese encephalitis has be
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to the targeted larvae of mosquitoe
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The role of the community Many prob
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from locally available sacking mate
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services. The project also includes
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Maxwell, C.A.; Curtis, C.F.; Haji,
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Botanical pesticides: optimizing pe
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neurotoxin but a cytotoxin, cross-r
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MoDuscicide- and pesticide-developm
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A development plan has been identif
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and environmental effects must be d
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Devitt, B.D.; Philogène, B.J.R.; H
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Endod, a potential natural pesticid
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University in Ottawa, and in other
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in the field (Lugt 1981), 137 500 m
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Hutchinson, J.; Dalziel, J.M. 1929.
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Community participation, including
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Acknowledgment- This research has b
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multiplication. The high temperatur
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Because pesticides are required in
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Africa and now East Africa. The suc
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Integrated pest management 1PM may
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to risk crop damage. Close involvem
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Ramos-Ocampo, V.E.; Magallona, E.D.
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esidues on fresh and cooked vegetab
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Grassy strip 108 N Farmer's Experim
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Table 1. Description and efficiency
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Table 3. Cost (PHP) of pest managem
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in the field. These pests were the
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PART V APPENDICES
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Ravindra Fernando, National Poisons
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Frank White, Pan-American Health Or
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ECHO abdominal ultrasonograph EEG e
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URT upper respiratory tract USAID U
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