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Switzerland, and the USA. Using extracts from this procedure, toxicologic
tests at the tier I level (OECD) of the premarketing guidelines have been
completed. According to results to date, endod is no more toxic than bayluscid
(Lambert et al. 1991). On the basis of this, IDRC is supporting comprehensive
community-based field trials on endod's effect on schistosomiasis transmission
in Zimbabwe.
In addition, scientists from 10 African countries and Brazil have now formally
established an endod technical cooperation among developing countries
(TCDC) network through which they plan to coordinate their work and
collaborate further with other international experts in Canada, the USA, and
various European countries. The African partners in the network are Ethiopia,
the Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, Swaziland, Zambia, and
Zimbabwe.
A third international workshop on endod was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,
in October 1990. The results of the tier I toxicology studies were reviewed and
research needs, strategies, and model protocols were determined for facilitating
community-based trials, including local agrobotanical studies, ecotoxicologic
studies, and integrated schistosomiasis intervention studies. Reports
from field studies in Ethiopia, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe were also
presented at the meeting.
Conclusion
All three types of endod can be successfully cultivated, but type 44 has
superior agronomic and molluscicidal characteristics. Endod berries may be
produced on a large scale with sustained yield and potency, eliminating a
major barrier for plant molluscicide development. The results of this study
may facilitate the selection of the most suitable endod types for schistosomiasis
control in at least three other African countries where endod cultivation
and adaptation trials are being carried out (Adams 1986). This study also
clearly indicates that emphasis should be placed on promotion of the multiple
uses of endod-derived products.
Adams, R.P. 1986. Report of the working group on agrobotany and extraction. In
Makhubu, L.; Lemma, A.; Heyneman, D., ed., Report of the 2nd international
workshop on endod. Council on International and Public Affairs, New York,
NY, USA. Pp. 36-42.
Dalziel, J.M. 1936. The useful plants of west tropical Africa. Crown Agents,
London, UK.
Humbert, H. 1971. Flora de Madagascar et des Comores. Musée national d'histoire
naturelle, Laboratoire de phanerogamie, Paris, France.
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