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Indrani, A. 1988. Mangsa racun serangga kini terus bertambah. Berita Harian, Rabu 29 Jamadilakhir, 1408, 17 February 1988. Jusoh Mamat, M.; Anas, A.N. 1988. Herbicide application technology for irrigated rice in Malaysia. In Lam, Y.M.; Cheong, A.W.; Azmi, M. ed., Proceedings of the national seminar and workshop on rice field weed management, Penarig. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pp. 221-229. Jusoh Mamat, M.; Anas, A.N.; Heong, K.L.; Chan, C.W.; Nor, N.M.; Ho, N.K.; Zaiton, A.S.; Fauzi, A. 1987. Features of lever operated knapsack sprayers considered important by Muda rice farmers in deciding which sprayer to buy. In Proceedings of the international conference on pesticides in tropical agriculture, 23-25 September 1987, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Jusoh Mamat, M.; Heong, K.L.; Rahim, M. 1985. Principles and methodology of pesticide application techniques. In Proceedings of the workshop and course on pesticide application technology, 21-26 October 1985, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pp. 9-26. Lee, S.A. 1987. Protection of the spray operator from pesticide contamination. Malaysian Agriculture Digest, 5(2), 11IS. Lee, S.A.; Chung, G.E 1985. Safety aspects of LV, VLV, ULV and CDA application. In Teoh, C.H., ed., Recent developments in pesticide application technology: proceedings of the workshop, 21 January 1985, Serdang, Malaysia. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pp. 46-.6. Lim, G.S.; Hussein, M.Y.; Ooi, A.C.P.; Zain, M.B.A.R. 1983. Pesticide application technology in perennial crops in Malaysia. In Lim, G.S.; Ramasamy, S., ed., Pesticide application technology. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pp. 13-41. Lim, G.S.; Ramasamy, S., ed. 1983. Pesticide application technology. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 182 pp. Lum, K.Y.; Jusoh Mamat, M.; Cheah, U.B. 1990. Health and safety-related aspects of pesticide usage in Malaysia. Paper presented at the Regional pesticide review meeting, 24 March 1990, Genting Highlands, Malaysia. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada. 17 pp. MACA (Malaysian Agricultural Chemicals Association). 1989. Annual report 1988/89. MACA, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Matthews, G.A. 1983. Problems and trends in pesticide application technology. In Lim, G.S.; Ramasamy, S., ed., Pesticide application technology. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pp. 163-170. Normiya, R. 1982. Problems in the transfer, delivery and acceptance of rice technology. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Rural Sociology Bulletin, 12. 46
Ooi, A.C.P.; Heong, K.L.; Lim, B.K.; Mazian, S. 1983. Adoption of pesticide application technology by small-scale farmers in peninsular Malaysia. In Lim, G.S.; Ramasamy, S., ed., Pesticide application technology. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pp. 148-158. Ooi, G.H.C. 1988. NC-311 - a revolution in rice herbicide technology. In Lam, Y.M.; Cheong, A.W.; Azmi, M., ed., Proceedings of the national seminar and workshop on rice field weed management, Penang. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pp. 131-139. Rola, A.C. 1989. Pesticides, health risks and farm productivity: a Philippine experience. University of the Philippines, Los Baflos, Philippines. APRB Monograph 89-01. Shell Thailand. 1989. Blood test activity summary, 1988-1989. Chem-Lab, Bangkok, Thailand. Sidhu, M.S.; Sim, C.S.; Johney, K.V. 1987. Practical aspects of chemical spraying for cocoa pod borer management in Sabah. In Ooi, A.C.P.; Luz, G.C.; Khoo, K.C.; Teoh, C.H.; Jusoh Mamat, M.; Ho, C.T.; Lim, G.S., ed., Management of the cocoa pod borer. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pp. 19-42. Sinhaseni, P. 1990. Problem of pesticides from a public health and safety viewpoint - Thailand. Paper presented at the Regional pesticide review meeting, 24 March 1990, Genting Highlands, Malaysia. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada. 69 pp. Sinhaseni, P.; Tesprateep, T. 1988. Histopathological effects of paraquat and gill function of Puntius gonionotus Bleeker exposed to paraquat. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 38(2). Sinnaia, S. 1989. Problem of poisoning in Malaysia. Paper presented at the First Malaysian-Asian international meeting on prevention and management of poisoning by toxic substances, 27-28 November 1989, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Mimeo, 15 pp. Suwanabun, N.; Ludersdorf, R.; Schache, C. 1986. Use of pesticides by Thai vegetative agriculturists and subjected complaints. Paper presented at the Regional workshop on environmental toxicity and carcinogenesis, 15-17 January 1986, Mahidol University, Thailand. Swaddiwuthipong, W.; Kumasol, P.; Sangwanloy, 0.; Srisomporn, D. 1989. Foodborne disease outbreaks of chemical etiology in Thailand 1981-1987. South-east Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 20(1), 125-132. Swan, A.A.B. 1969. Exposure of spray operators to paraquat. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 26, 322-329. Tan, S.H.; Ramasamy, S.; Yeoh, C.H.; Ahmad, K. 1988. A comparative study on the occupational exposure of spray workers using knapsack and spinning disc sprayers. In Teng, P.S.; Heong, K.L., ed., Pesticide management and integrated pest management in Southeast Asia: proceedings of the Southeast Asia management and integrated pest management workshop, 23-27 February 1987, Pattaya, Thailand. Island Publishing House, Manila, Philippines. Pp. 407-415. 47
Page 1 and 2:
Impact of pesticide use on health i
Page 3 and 4:
IMPACT OF PESTICIDE USE ON HEALTH I
Page 5 and 6:
©International Development Researc
Page 7 and 8: Contents Acknowledgments viii Forew
Page 9 and 10: Control of disease vectors: a curre
Page 11 and 12: Foreword From their first appearanc
Page 13 and 14: PART! EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PESTICIDE POI
Page 15 and 16: Although pesticides are used both i
Page 17 and 18: Table 1. Introduction of pesticides
Page 19 and 20: problem. The International Developm
Page 21 and 22: impact of pesticides on Canadian wi
Page 23 and 24: investigated further. For example,
Page 25 and 26: Conclusions The subject of this vol
Page 27 and 28: Jusoh Mamat, M.; Anas, A.N.; Heong,
Page 29 and 30: Health-risk assessment of pesticide
Page 31 and 32: especially in the absence of comple
Page 33 and 34: depends largely on external factors
Page 35 and 36: Specific situations may require spe
Page 37 and 38: that the best possible work is done
Page 39 and 40: doses (chronic poisoning) or delaye
Page 41 and 42: Table 1. Poisoning incidents in fou
Page 43 and 44: Pesticide research for public healt
Page 45 and 46: Current pest control practices in T
Page 47 and 48: 800- 400- 200 - 1980 1981 1982 1983
Page 49 and 50: designed 30-40 years ago (Jusoh Mam
Page 51 and 52: and tore easily. One investigation
Page 53 and 54: education, mass-communication tools
Page 55 and 56: Increase and improve training activ
Page 57: Castaneda, C.P. 1988. Pesticide poi
Page 61 and 62: Investigations into acute pyrethroi
Page 63 and 64: Level of exposure To assess the lev
Page 65 and 66: Table 2. Cases of acute pyrethroid
Page 67 and 68: (in 121 subjects), usually develope
Page 69 and 70: Deltamethrin was detectable in the
Page 71 and 72: pyrethroid poisoning. Therefore, th
Page 73 and 74: Gilliatt, R.W.; Willison, R.G. 1963
Page 75 and 76: Table 1. Value of imported pesticid
Page 77 and 78: Study two Twelve farmers participat
Page 79 and 80: All activities Left hand (73.2) Lef
Page 81 and 82: Acknowledgment- The three studies r
Page 83 and 84: Since the creation of Pakistan in 1
Page 85 and 86: Table 1. Incidents of pesticide poi
Page 87 and 88: Sandu, S.S.; Waters, M.D.; Simmon,
Page 89 and 90: and chlordane. Pest resistance to t
Page 91 and 92: young workers was 15.8%, 6.8%, and
Page 93 and 94: Storage of pesticides Although the
Page 95 and 96: Discussion The lowland regions and
Page 97 and 98: Pulmonary obstructive disease in a
Page 99 and 100: To investigate the presence and mea
Page 101 and 102: Age (years) Table 1. Distribution o
Page 103 and 104: was among paraquat users who smoked
Page 105 and 106: Levin, P.J.; Klaff, L.J.; Rose, A.G
Page 107 and 108: the delta. The total population of
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The successive and simultaneous rel
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on clinical studies and laboratory
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This made the collection of blood s
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Table 1. Relation between informati
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analysis, and engaging in various t
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Table 1. Value (million KSH) of pes
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To develop a health-education packa
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Storage site Table 3. Storage of ag
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Table 5. Causes of agrochemical and
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Methods A pilot field survey was un
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Conclusion The practices followed b
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manufactured or formulated locally,
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However, based on individual compla
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Table 4. Acetylcholinesterase activ
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Age did not appear to be an importa
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eactions to the pesticides in occup
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Bowers, M,B.; Goodman, E.; Sim, V.M
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Extent of exposure of farm workers
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Group III consisted of 31 farmers w
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25 - 0 Level of exposure J Group 1,
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Pesticides were stored everywhere c
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Table 2. Concluded. Question Answer
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PART II RELATING PESTICIDE DEVELOPM
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Toxicity Table 1. Requirements and
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Screening Process development Route
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Progress in improving safety Pestic
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type of formulation, and warning pr
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The pyrethroid, cypermethrin, is mo
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Studying the effects of pesticides
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of the risk is a quantitative issue
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egistry could be linked to the lice
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poisoned through mishandling of an
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no documented incident could be fou
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Region Table 3. Use of using pictog
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of fluorinated HDPE because fluorin
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Current initiatives, at the interna
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inding within their jurisdictions.
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Benefits of a hazard auditor From t
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different agencies take to be permi
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industry and of its serving to legi
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Anonymous. 1988a. FAO code of condu
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(Adam 1976; Fraser and Burrill 1979
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in the lower price categories tend
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Anas, N.; Jusoh Mamat, Md.; Heong,
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Zam, A.K. 1980. Bancian pengurusan
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Materials and methods Assessment of
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At the end of each day's operations
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Table 3. Number of garments chafing
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underlines the need to change attit
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Evaluation and management of pestic
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target and react with some crucial
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scientists on a contractual basis,
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pesticides in developing countries
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Regional information resources for
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Table 2. Number of enquiries receiv
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extent of this problem in developin
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Promoting the safe use of pesticide
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pests) is observed. Thus, the "quic
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is one of principal agencies respon
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Pretesting materials in training an
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of costly medical technologies and
Page 231 and 232:
The agricultural sector has by far
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At the community level, the extent
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Neufeld, V. 1989. Community-based m
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Outline for learning module using o
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WHO (World Health Organization). 19
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In the past decade, tremendous effo
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Jiang-Su province Results and discu
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As a result of deregulation, the nu
Page 247 and 248:
Table 3. Proportion of workers usin
Page 249 and 250:
Shih, J.H.; Wu, Z.Q.; Zhang, Y.X.;
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Pesticides and wildlife: a short gu
Page 253 and 254:
Using target-specific products mini
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specifications. Other data are asse
Page 257 and 258:
Formulation-specific concerns The e
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mirex, and chiordecone have been ba
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1984). The base for pesticide granu
Page 263 and 264:
e more stringently reviewed. In Can
Page 265 and 266:
For example, searching for carcasse
Page 267 and 268:
overlooked. In developing countries
Page 269 and 270:
Establish monitoring programs to de
Page 271 and 272:
Grue, C.E.; Fleming, W.J.; Busby, D
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Schafer, E.W., Jr; Brunton, R.B. 19
Page 275 and 276:
Table 1. Prevalence and distributio
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By 1980, resistance to at least one
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tries. Japanese encephalitis has be
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to the targeted larvae of mosquitoe
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The role of the community Many prob
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from locally available sacking mate
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services. The project also includes
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Maxwell, C.A.; Curtis, C.F.; Haji,
Page 291 and 292:
Botanical pesticides: optimizing pe
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neurotoxin but a cytotoxin, cross-r
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MoDuscicide- and pesticide-developm
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A development plan has been identif
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and environmental effects must be d
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Devitt, B.D.; Philogène, B.J.R.; H
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Endod, a potential natural pesticid
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University in Ottawa, and in other
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in the field (Lugt 1981), 137 500 m
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Hutchinson, J.; Dalziel, J.M. 1929.
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Community participation, including
Page 313 and 314:
Acknowledgment- This research has b
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multiplication. The high temperatur
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Because pesticides are required in
Page 319 and 320:
Africa and now East Africa. The suc
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Integrated pest management 1PM may
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to risk crop damage. Close involvem
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Ramos-Ocampo, V.E.; Magallona, E.D.
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esidues on fresh and cooked vegetab
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Grassy strip 108 N Farmer's Experim
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Table 1. Description and efficiency
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Table 3. Cost (PHP) of pest managem
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in the field. These pests were the
Page 337 and 338:
PART V APPENDICES
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Ravindra Fernando, National Poisons
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Frank White, Pan-American Health Or
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ECHO abdominal ultrasonograph EEG e
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URT upper respiratory tract USAID U
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