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Table 5. Effects of pyrethroids on 3 113 subjects.
Adverse effects Acute poisoning
Treatment
Exposure to
pyrethroids only
Sample size No. % No, %
1987 1 840 347 23.4
4a
0.27
1988 1109 349 31.5 4 036
Total 2 589 696 26.9 8 0.31
Exposure to
pyrethroidorganophosphate
mixture
1987 524 138
263b 2c 038d
a Three cases of deltamethrin poisoning and one case of fenvalerate poisoning.
b
p > 0.05 in chi-square test.
Deltamethrin-DDVP mixture.
d
p > 0.05 in Poisson probability distribution test.
Table 6. Exposure levels (SD) of 38 subjects spraying pyrethroids
in Gaocheng County.
Respiratory
Dermal
Total
exposure
exposure
exposure
Group
I
No.
Level
(iig/h) No.
Level
(mg/h)
Level
No. (Lg/kg per h)
a (D) 6 0.01±0.00 6 0.4 ± 0.39 6 4.00 ± 4.00
b (D+M) 6 0.19 ± 0.22
5a
0.72±0.49
5a
8.00 ± 6.00
c(F) 6 0.41±0.44 6 4.24±1.96 6 44.00 ± 22.00
2
a (D) 5 0.07 ± 0.06
Note 1: Group I = 1 day; group 2 = 3 days.
Note 2: D, deltamethrin; F, fenvalerate; M, methamidophos.
a One subject excluded because gauze pad was lost.
4a
Dermal exposure was more frequent than respiratory exposure and represented
the most important route for pyrethroid absorption (Table 6). Skin
contamination by pyrethroids was heaviest on legs, feet, and hands. Because
air temperature was about 30'C, some of the farmers wiped sweat from their
faces with their hands and sleeves, increasing secondary dermal exposure.
56
0.59 ± 0.30
4a
7.33 ± 3.33
b (DM) 5 0.06±0.05 5 0.27 ± 0.13 5 4.67 ± 2.67
c(F) 5 0.65 ± 0.32 5 3.97±1.88 5 68.00 ± 32.67
d (FMS) 5 0.41 ± 0.20 5 2.83±1.20 5 48.00 ± 18.00