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Participants Mahmoud M. Amr, Kasr El-Aini Faculty of Medicine, University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt Maria Elena Arroyave, do Yves Bergevin, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, PQ, Canada H3A 1A2 Thanawadee Boonlue, Faculty of Communication Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10500, Thailand Borys Brezden, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada KIS 5B6 Jacques Brodeur, Département de biologic, Laval University, Ste Foy, PQ, Canada G1K 7P4 Carmen Castaneda, Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of the Philippines at Manila, 547 Petro Gil, Errnita, P0 Box 593, 1000 Manila, Philippines Robert Chase, Department of Medical Education, McMaster University, 148 Wright Avenue, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5 Donald Cole, McMaster University, 148 Wright Avenue, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5 Guido Condarco (Aguilar), Instituto Nacional de Salud Ocupacional, Ministerio de Prevision Social y Salud Publica, Casilla 1832, La Paz, Bolivia F. Diaz-Barriga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Av. V. Carranza 2405, AP 142,78210 San Luis Potosi, Mexico Lawrence S. Dollimore, CHSEL/23, Shell Centre, London, SEI 7NA, United Kingdom John Duncan, Godthorn Cottage, Maiden Street, Weston, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, SG4 7AA, United Kingdom William Durham, 6200 Bent Pine Place, Raleigh, NC 27615, USA 328
Ravindra Fernando, National Poisons Information Centre, General Hospital, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka Gilles Forget, Health Sciences Division, International Development Research Centre, P0 Box 8500, Ottawa, ON, Canada KIG 3H9 Diane Gagnon, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada KIN 6N5 Paul Hag erman, Department of Environmental Biology University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1 Fengsheng He, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, 29 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China Jerry Jeyaratnam, Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University Hospital of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 0511 Md. Jusoh Mamat, Pests and Beneficial Organisms Research Unit, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P0 Box 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Sam Kacew, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada KIN 6N5 Violet Kimani, Department of Community Health, University of Nairobi, P0 Box 19676, Nairobi, Kenya John D.H. Lanibert, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada KIS 5B6 Legesse Wolde-Yohannes, Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P0 Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Jyrki Liesivuori, Kuopio Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Neulaniementie 4, P0 Box 93, SF-70701 Kuopio, Finland Michael Loevinsohn, BP 259, Butare, Rwanda Ken MacKay, Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Sciences Division, International Development Research Centre, P0 Box 8500, Ottawa, ON, Canada KIG 3H9 Marco Maroni, International Centre for Pesticide Safety, Via Magenta 25, 20020 Busto Garolfo, Italy Félicité Domngang Mbiapo, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Yaoundé, BP 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon 329
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Impact of pesticide use on health i
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IMPACT OF PESTICIDE USE ON HEALTH I
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©International Development Researc
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Contents Acknowledgments viii Forew
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Control of disease vectors: a curre
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Foreword From their first appearanc
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PART! EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PESTICIDE POI
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Although pesticides are used both i
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Table 1. Introduction of pesticides
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problem. The International Developm
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impact of pesticides on Canadian wi
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investigated further. For example,
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Conclusions The subject of this vol
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Jusoh Mamat, M.; Anas, A.N.; Heong,
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Health-risk assessment of pesticide
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especially in the absence of comple
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depends largely on external factors
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Specific situations may require spe
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that the best possible work is done
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doses (chronic poisoning) or delaye
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Table 1. Poisoning incidents in fou
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Pesticide research for public healt
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Current pest control practices in T
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800- 400- 200 - 1980 1981 1982 1983
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designed 30-40 years ago (Jusoh Mam
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and tore easily. One investigation
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education, mass-communication tools
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Increase and improve training activ
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Castaneda, C.P. 1988. Pesticide poi
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Ooi, A.C.P.; Heong, K.L.; Lim, B.K.
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Investigations into acute pyrethroi
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Level of exposure To assess the lev
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Table 2. Cases of acute pyrethroid
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(in 121 subjects), usually develope
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Deltamethrin was detectable in the
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pyrethroid poisoning. Therefore, th
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Gilliatt, R.W.; Willison, R.G. 1963
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Table 1. Value of imported pesticid
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Study two Twelve farmers participat
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All activities Left hand (73.2) Lef
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Acknowledgment- The three studies r
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Since the creation of Pakistan in 1
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Table 1. Incidents of pesticide poi
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Sandu, S.S.; Waters, M.D.; Simmon,
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and chlordane. Pest resistance to t
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young workers was 15.8%, 6.8%, and
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Storage of pesticides Although the
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Discussion The lowland regions and
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Pulmonary obstructive disease in a
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To investigate the presence and mea
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Age (years) Table 1. Distribution o
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was among paraquat users who smoked
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Levin, P.J.; Klaff, L.J.; Rose, A.G
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the delta. The total population of
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The successive and simultaneous rel
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on clinical studies and laboratory
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This made the collection of blood s
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Table 1. Relation between informati
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analysis, and engaging in various t
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Table 1. Value (million KSH) of pes
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To develop a health-education packa
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Storage site Table 3. Storage of ag
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Table 5. Causes of agrochemical and
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Methods A pilot field survey was un
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Conclusion The practices followed b
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manufactured or formulated locally,
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However, based on individual compla
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Table 4. Acetylcholinesterase activ
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Age did not appear to be an importa
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eactions to the pesticides in occup
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Bowers, M,B.; Goodman, E.; Sim, V.M
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Extent of exposure of farm workers
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Group III consisted of 31 farmers w
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25 - 0 Level of exposure J Group 1,
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Pesticides were stored everywhere c
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Table 2. Concluded. Question Answer
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PART II RELATING PESTICIDE DEVELOPM
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Toxicity Table 1. Requirements and
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Screening Process development Route
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Progress in improving safety Pestic
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type of formulation, and warning pr
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The pyrethroid, cypermethrin, is mo
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Studying the effects of pesticides
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of the risk is a quantitative issue
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egistry could be linked to the lice
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poisoned through mishandling of an
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no documented incident could be fou
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Region Table 3. Use of using pictog
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of fluorinated HDPE because fluorin
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Current initiatives, at the interna
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inding within their jurisdictions.
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Benefits of a hazard auditor From t
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different agencies take to be permi
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industry and of its serving to legi
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Anonymous. 1988a. FAO code of condu
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(Adam 1976; Fraser and Burrill 1979
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in the lower price categories tend
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Anas, N.; Jusoh Mamat, Md.; Heong,
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Zam, A.K. 1980. Bancian pengurusan
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Materials and methods Assessment of
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At the end of each day's operations
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Table 3. Number of garments chafing
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underlines the need to change attit
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Evaluation and management of pestic
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target and react with some crucial
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scientists on a contractual basis,
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pesticides in developing countries
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Regional information resources for
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Table 2. Number of enquiries receiv
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extent of this problem in developin
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Promoting the safe use of pesticide
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pests) is observed. Thus, the "quic
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is one of principal agencies respon
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Pretesting materials in training an
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of costly medical technologies and
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The agricultural sector has by far
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At the community level, the extent
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Neufeld, V. 1989. Community-based m
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Outline for learning module using o
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WHO (World Health Organization). 19
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In the past decade, tremendous effo
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Jiang-Su province Results and discu
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As a result of deregulation, the nu
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Table 3. Proportion of workers usin
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Shih, J.H.; Wu, Z.Q.; Zhang, Y.X.;
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Pesticides and wildlife: a short gu
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Using target-specific products mini
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specifications. Other data are asse
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Formulation-specific concerns The e
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mirex, and chiordecone have been ba
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1984). The base for pesticide granu
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e more stringently reviewed. In Can
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For example, searching for carcasse
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overlooked. In developing countries
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Establish monitoring programs to de
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Grue, C.E.; Fleming, W.J.; Busby, D
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Schafer, E.W., Jr; Brunton, R.B. 19
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Table 1. Prevalence and distributio
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By 1980, resistance to at least one
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tries. Japanese encephalitis has be
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to the targeted larvae of mosquitoe
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The role of the community Many prob
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from locally available sacking mate
Page 287 and 288: services. The project also includes
Page 289 and 290: Maxwell, C.A.; Curtis, C.F.; Haji,
Page 291 and 292: Botanical pesticides: optimizing pe
Page 293 and 294: neurotoxin but a cytotoxin, cross-r
Page 295 and 296: MoDuscicide- and pesticide-developm
Page 297 and 298: A development plan has been identif
Page 299 and 300: and environmental effects must be d
Page 301 and 302: Devitt, B.D.; Philogène, B.J.R.; H
Page 303 and 304: Endod, a potential natural pesticid
Page 305 and 306: University in Ottawa, and in other
Page 307 and 308: in the field (Lugt 1981), 137 500 m
Page 309 and 310: Hutchinson, J.; Dalziel, J.M. 1929.
Page 311 and 312: Community participation, including
Page 313 and 314: Acknowledgment- This research has b
Page 315 and 316: multiplication. The high temperatur
Page 317 and 318: Because pesticides are required in
Page 319 and 320: Africa and now East Africa. The suc
Page 321 and 322: Integrated pest management 1PM may
Page 323 and 324: to risk crop damage. Close involvem
Page 325 and 326: Ramos-Ocampo, V.E.; Magallona, E.D.
Page 327 and 328: esidues on fresh and cooked vegetab
Page 329 and 330: Grassy strip 108 N Farmer's Experim
Page 331 and 332: Table 1. Description and efficiency
Page 333 and 334: Table 3. Cost (PHP) of pest managem
Page 335 and 336: in the field. These pests were the
Page 337: PART V APPENDICES
Page 341 and 342: Frank White, Pan-American Health Or
Page 343 and 344: ECHO abdominal ultrasonograph EEG e
Page 345 and 346: URT upper respiratory tract USAID U
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