Formwork for Concrete Structures by R.L.Peurifoy and G.D- By EasyEngineering.net

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246 Chapter NineDownloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net1 in. thick, are used for sheathing. The template rings are sawed to thecorrect curvatures from 2-in.-thick lumber. If planks as wide as 12 in.in nominal width are used, it is possible to obtain an inside and outsidering segment from each plank. The outside segments are sawedto the correct curvature. The inside segments may be resawed to thecorrect inside curvature, or if a slight deviation from a true circle isnot objectionable, they need not be resawed. The larger the radius,the less there will be a need to resaw the inside segment.The vertical wales are usually double 2 × 4 planks. The insideform should be erected first and securely braced in the correct position.Then the outside form is erected, and the form ties are securedon both sides.The equations and procedures presented in Chapter 5 may beused to determine the maximum spacing of the template rings, wales,and form ties. As indicated in Figure 9-12, the spacing of the ringsmay be increased for the upper portion of the wall, corresponding tothe reduction in the pressure from the concrete.ww.EasyEngineering.nForm TiesAs illustrated in Figure 9-1, form ties are used with forms for wallsto hold the two sides against the pressure of the concrete. In additionto resisting the pressure from the concrete, some ties are designed toserve as form spreaders. Many types and sizes are available.The maximum spacing of ties may be limited by the strength ofthe ties, the maximum safe span for the wales, or the maximumsafe span of the studs in the event wales are not used. The manufacturersof ties specify the safe working load for each size and typemanufactured.It is frequently specified that ties must be removed from a concretewall or that portions must be removed to a specified depth and theholes filled with cement mortar to eliminate the possibility of ruststains appearing later, or to prevent water from seeping through awall around the ties. Smooth-rod ties can be pulled from the wall afterthe forms are removed. Other methods, illustrated hereafter, are usedto permit the removal of portions of the ties within the concrete.Snap TiesAs illustrated in Figure 9-13, these ties are made from a single rodequipped with an enlarged button or a loop at each end to permit theuse of suitable tie holders. A portion of the rod in the concrete iscrimped to prevent it from turning when the ends are removed bybeing bent and twisted. Ties can be furnished to break off at anydesired depth within the concrete. They are available with washers orwith tapered plastic cones attached to permit them to serve as formDownloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.netForms for Walls 247FIGURE 9-13ww.EasyEngineering.nSnap tie assembly. (Source: Dayton Superior Corporation)spreaders. Safe working-load capacities of 2,000 and 3,000 lb areavailable from most of the manufacturers of this type of form tie.When ordering ties, it is necessary to specify the type and strengthdesired, the thickness of the concrete wall, and the dimensions of theform lumber, sheathing, studs, and wales. The desired breakbackwithin the wall should also be specified.Coil TiesThese ties are illustrated in Figures 9-14 and 9-15. The internalmember of the assembly, which remains in the concrete, consists oftwo helical coils welded to two or four steel rods designated as struts.Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net
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Formwork for Concrete Structures by R.L.Peurifoy and G.D- By EasyEngineering.net

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