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598<br />

Giang Huong Pham et al.<br />

nucleic acids, reserve and food materials, etc., would be included here. Second,<br />

the oxidation of carbon compounds produces appreciable amounts of<br />

energy. Fungi can utilize a wide range of carbon sources such as monosaccharides,<br />

disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, organic acids and<br />

lipids. Carbon dioxide can be fixed by some fungi, but cannot be used as an<br />

exclusive source of carbon for metabolism. P. indica can be successfully cultivated<br />

on a wide range of synthetic solidified and broth media, e.g., MMN1/10,<br />

modified aspergillus, M4N, MMNC, MS, WPM, MMN, Malt-Yeast Extract,<br />

MYP, PDA and aspergillus (Fig. 5). Among the tested media, aspergillus (Kae-<br />

Fig. 4. Chlamydospores of P.<br />

indica. a Germinating chlamydospore<br />

showing initial branching<br />

after 12 h, b mature chlamydospores<br />

were germinated on a<br />

glass slide coated with thin<br />

nutrient agar, photographed<br />

after 24 h, c scattered spores and<br />

thin, irregular, undulating<br />

hyphae

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