plant surface microbiology.pdf

Contents XXI
27 Applications of Quantitative Microscopy in Studies
of Plant Surface Microbiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Frank B. Dazzo
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
2 Quantitation of Symbiotic Interactions Between
Rhizobium and Legumes by Visual Counting Techniques . . 504
2.1 The Modified Fåhraeus Slide Culture Technique
for Studies of the Root—Nodule Symbiosis . . . . . . . . . . 504
2.2 Attachment of Rhizobia to Legume Root Hairs . . . . . . . . 506
2.3 Rhizobium-Induced Root Hair Deformations . . . . . . . . 508
2.4 Primary Entry of Rhizobia into Legume Roots . . . . . . . . 509
2.5 In Situ Molecular Interactions Between Legumes
Roots and Surface-Colonizing Rhizobia . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
2.6 Cross-Reactive Surface Antigens and Trifoliin A Host Lectin 511
2.7 Rhizobium Acidic Heteropolysaccharides . . . . . . . . . . . 513
2.8 Rhizobium Lipopolysaccharides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516
2.9 Chitolipooligosaccharide Nod Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
2.10 Epidermal Pit Erosions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
2.11 Elicitation of Root Hair Wall Peroxidase by Rhizobia . . . . 524
2.12 In Situ Gene Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
3 Quantitation of Symbiotic Interactions Between
Rhizobium and Legumes by Image Analysis . . . . . . . . . 526
3.1 Definitive Elucidation of the Nature of Rhizobium
Extracellular Microfibrils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
3.2 Rhizobial Modulation of Root Hair Cytoplasmic Streaming 527
3.3 Motility of Rhizobia in the External Root Environment . . . 527
3.4 Root Hair Alterations Affecting Their Dynamic
Growth Extension and Primary Host Infection . . . . . . . . 528
4 A Working Model for Very Early Stages of Root
Hair Infection by Rhizobia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
5 Improvements in Specimen Preparation and
Imaging Optics for Plant Rhizoplane Microbiology . . . . . 529
6 CMEIAS: A New Generation of Image Analysis
Software for in Situ Studies of Microbial Ecology . . . . . . 531
6.1 CMEIAS v. 1.27: Major Advancements in Bacterial
Morphotype Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
6.2 CMEIAS v. 3.0: Comprehensive Image Analysis
of Microbial Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
6.3 CMEIAS v. 3.0: Plotless and Plot-Based Spatial
Distribution Analysis of Root Colonization . . . . . . . . . . 533
6.4 CMEIAS v. 3.0: In Situ Analysis of Microbial
Communities on Plant Phylloplanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535