plant surface microbiology.pdf

15 Interaction of Piriformospora indica with Diverse Microorganisms and Plants 261
edge, the presence of laccase genes in these fungi was shown only in Lactarius
rufus (Chen et al. 2003). Most fungi tested showed a strong laccase activity. P.
indica and S. vermifera ss. Warcup and Talbot also showed a positive reaction
to the ABTS test (oxidation of 2,2¢- azino-bis (3-ethylthiazoline-6-sulfonate),
i.e., presence of laccase activity (Fig. 18). However, the reaction was faster in
the former fungus than in the latter. Laccase activity was observed in the very
young culture (5 days old), whereas in S. vermifera the reaction appeared
stronger after 10–12 days.
Other cell wall-degrading enzymes detected in P. indica are given in
Table 5.All major cell wall degrading enzymes were present in P. indica except
monoxygenase and phenoloxidase. Table 6 shows the activities of CMC-ase,
xylanase and polygalacturonase in the plants incubated with P. indica. In the
case of polygalacturonase, the enzyme activity was higher at the initial stage
Table 4. (Continued)
Fungal species Systematic positions Laccase References
activities
Pisolithus tinctorius Boletales, Sclerodermataceae (–) Gramss et al. (1998)
Russula aeruginea Agaricales, Russulaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Russula foetens Agaricales, Russulaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Russula violeipes Agaricales, Russulaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Scleroderma citrinum Boletales, Sclerodermataceae (–) Gramss et al. (1998)
Suillus aeruginascens Boletales, Boletaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Suillus granulatus Boletales, Boletaceae (low) Gramss et al. (1998)
Suillus grevillei Boletales, Boletaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Suillus luteus Boletales, Boletaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Suillus variegatus Boletales, Boletaceae (low) Gramss et al. (1998)
Tricholoma fulvum Agaricales, Tricholomataceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Tricholoma imbricatum Agaricales, Tricholomataceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Tricholoma lascivum Agaricales, Tricholomataceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Tricholoma scalpturatum Agaricales, Tricholomataceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Tricholoma subannulatum Agaricales, Tricholomataceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Tricholoma terreum Agaricales, Tricholomataceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Tricholoma ustaloides Agaricales, Tricholomataceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Xerocomus badius Boletales, Boletaceae (low) Gramss et al. (1999)
Xerocomus chrysenteron Boletales, Boletaceae (–) Gramss et al. (1998)
Xerocomus subtomentosus Boletales, Boletaceae (–) Gramss et al. (1998)
Ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes
Morchella conica Pezizales (+) Gramss et al. 1998
Morchella elata Pezizales (+) Gramss et al. 1998
Morchella esculenta Pezizales (+) Gramss et al. 1998
Tuber sp.
Endomycorrhizal fungi
Pezizales (+) Miranda et al. 1992
Glomus etunicatus Glomales (+) Nemec, 1981