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58 SO4 Galdino Andrade Assimilatory sulfate Reduction Dissimilatory Sulfate reduction Living organisms Proteins Sulphur aminoacids H2S Excretion Celular death Proteases Peptidases Dissimilatory Sulfate Reduction Fig. 5. The activity of some functional groups of microorganisms in the sulphur cycle phatases where elements such as nitrogen and sulphur-linked carbon mineralised by microorganisms oxidize the organic carbon compounds to obtain energy. The heterotrophic soil microorganisms decompose organic sulphur to form sulphide. In the case of indirect mineralisation, those elements that exist as sulphate esters are hydrolysed by endo or exoenzymes. This process occurs by positive feedback or negative control (Sylvia et al. 1998). The activity of these microorganisms may be aerobic or anaerobic. Anaerobic microorganisms exist in fairly low numbers in the rhizosphere of plants which live in non-flooded soils. Bearing in mind that sulphate is fundamental for plant metabolism and that the turnover of organic to inorganic sulphate implies availability of the nutrient for plant growth, the study of these populations may complement the analysis of functional microorganism groups as indicators of environmental impact or of biotic fertility indexes in sustainable agricultural systems or natural areas.
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PLANT SURFACE MICROBIOLOGY
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Professor Dr. Ajit Varma Director A
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VI ology. The basic concepts in pla
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VIII Contents 6.1 Abiotic Factors .
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X Section B Contents 7 The Function
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XII 3 Impact of Genetically Modifie
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XIV 4.9 Arabidopsis thaliana . . .
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XVI Contents 4.1 Diversity of Arbus
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XVIII 6.2 Role and Properties of Gl
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XX Contents 4.1 Isolated Cuticles a
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XXII Contents 6.5 CMEIAS v. 3.0: In
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Contributors Abbott, Lynette K. Sch
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Ghimire, Sita R. Centre for Researc
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Meyer, William Department of Plant
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Tripathi,K.K. Department of Biotech
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2 Ajit Varma et al. technical diffi
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4 Ajit Varma et al. prowazekii with
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6 Ajit Varma et al. parasite on oth
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8 Ajit Varma et al. interaction wit
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10 Ajit Varma et al. mative, quanti
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2 Root Colonisation Following Seed
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Fig. 1. Colonisation tube system (f
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3.4 Seed Inoculation Seeds are plac
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selection using GFP-expressing bact
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plant roots from the sand, these ca
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tant for colonisation, but neither
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6.2 Biotic Factors 2 Root Colonisat
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Page 118: 2 Root Colonisation Following Seed
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Page 126: 36 CH 4 Ralf Conrad O 2 CH 4 methan
Page 130: 38 Ralf Conrad Finally, aquatic pla
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Page 154: 50 Ralf Conrad Yao H, Conrad R (200
Page 158: 52 Galdino Andrade or the transform
Page 162: 54 Galdino Andrade and 2-15 % prote
Page 166: 56 Galdino Andrade organic nitrogen
Page 172: 6 Functional Groups of Microrganism
Page 176: 4 Microorganisms on the Rhizosphere
Page 196: 72 Ramesh Chander Kuhad et al. need
Page 200: 74 Ramesh Chander Kuhad et al. meas
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Page 208: 78 Ramesh Chander Kuhad et al. root
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84 Ramesh Chander Kuhad et al. 3.4
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86 Ramesh Chander Kuhad et al. cell
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88 Ramesh Chander Kuhad et al. of b
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90 Ramesh Chander Kuhad et al. in s
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92 Ramesh Chander Kuhad et al. Berc
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94 Ramesh Chander Kuhad et al. Hawk
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96 Ramesh Chander Kuhad et al. Pros
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98 Ramesh Chander Kuhad et al. Vier
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100 Dietrich Werner Fig. 1. Notch t
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102 Dietrich Werner 2.1 Phenylpropa
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104 Dietrich Werner 2.2 Metabolizat
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106 Dietrich Werner equol, genistei
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108 Dietrich Werner Table 2. Modifi
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110 Dietrich Werner 3.3 Lipopolysac
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112 Dietrich Werner There is increa
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114 Dietrich Werner antimicrobial f
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116 Dietrich Werner Hofmann K, Hein
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118 Dietrich Werner Schröder O, Wa
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7 The Functional Groups of Micro-or
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8 The Use of ACC Deaminase-Containi
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wood-rotting fungi, were shown to i
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8 ACC Deaminase-Containing Plant Gr
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9 Interactions Between Epiphyllic M
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However, at the moment, the mechani
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10 Developmental Interactions Betwe
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10 Development Interactions Between
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11 Interactions of Microbes with Ge
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GMP species, Group(s) of organisms
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a single copy gene of A. muscaria (
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12 Interaction Between Soil Bacteri
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Table 1. Protein features and data
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13 The Surface of Ectomycorrhizal R
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mrc rc rc a b c d 13 Root Surface i
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ccw cc rccw cc rccw ccw ph rccw rcc
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cc cc cc sl cc rcc 13 Root Surface
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13 Root Surface in Ectomycorrhizas
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ccw cc hy sl rccw hy hy 7 Hartig Ne
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9 Conclusions 13 Root Surface in Ec
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13 Root Surface in Ectomycorrhizas
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14 Cellular Ustilaginomycete - Plan
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5 Cellular Interactions 14 Cellular
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Fig. 3. Local interaction zone with
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14 Cellular Ustilaginomycete - Plan
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6 Conclusions 14 Cellular Ustilagin
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15 Interaction of Piriformospora in
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268 Suberkropp 1990; Bauer et al. 1
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270 Robert Bauer and Franz Oberwink
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17 Fungal Endophytes Sita R. Ghimir
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17 Fungal Endophytes 283 increase d
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comprises dipping samples in 96 % e
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with saprobic fungi. Host exclusivi
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17 Fungal Endophytes 289 Carroll G
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17 Fungal Endophytes 291 Mills PR,
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18 Mycorrhizal Development and Cyto
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2.2 Expression of Actin-Encoding Ge
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6 Actin Binding Proteins 18 Mycorrh
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etween the function of cell cycle a
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hiza. Cells with well-preserved cyt
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332 M. Zakaria Solaiman and Lynette
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20 Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Grow
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een described as a plant-growth-pro
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374 Uwe Nehls 2 Trehalose Utilizati
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376 Uwe Nehls mon to ectomycorrhiza
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378 Uwe Nehls monosaccharide transp
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380 Uwe Nehls Fig. 2. Spatial distr
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382 Uwe Nehls quite untypical for f
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384 Uwe Nehls the utilization of al
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386 Uwe Nehls have been described.
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388 Uwe Nehls script profiling duri
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390 Uwe Nehls Scheller E (1996) Ami
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22 Nitrogen Transport and Metabolis
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432 Thomas F.C. Chin-A-Woeng et al.
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450 Anton Hartmann et al. The rhizo
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452 Table 1. Phylogenetic oligonucl
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454 Anton Hartmann et al. B D
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456 Anton Hartmann et al. root surf
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458 Anton Hartmann et al. (see abov
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460 Anton Hartmann et al. to 13, 26
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462 Anton Hartmann et al. root surf
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464 Anton Hartmann et al. media are
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466 Anton Hartmann et al. Gorlach K
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468 Anton Hartmann et al. Poindexte
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25 Methods for Analysing the Intera
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25 Analysing Interactions between M
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into the nutrition solution inside
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An example for the change in water
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490 Donna M. Penrose and Bernard R.
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494 Absorbance at 540 nm 1.6 1.4 1.
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504 Frank B. Dazzo electron, and fi
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506 Frank B. Dazzo the microsymbion
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508 Frank B. Dazzo degrade the bact
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510 Frank B. Dazzo Fig. 4. Phase co
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512 Frank B. Dazzo Fig. 5. Symbiont
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514 Frank B. Dazzo microscopy. The
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516 Frank B. Dazzo the rhizobial ex
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518 Frank B. Dazzo In contrast, qua
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520 Frank B. Dazzo biological activ
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522 Frank B. Dazzo NBD-labeled CLOS
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524 Frank B. Dazzo cated that the s
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526 Frank B. Dazzo to introduce pol
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528 Frank B. Dazzo response is less
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530 Frank B. Dazzo mizing the gyror
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532 Frank B. Dazzo including its re
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534 Frank B. Dazzo Table 1. Quantit
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536 Frank B. Dazzo and eukaryotic c
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538 Frank B. Dazzo Table 2. In situ
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540 Frank B. Dazzo involvement of t
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542 Frank B. Dazzo Fig. 16. Geostat
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544 Frank B. Dazzo the power of geo
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546 Frank B. Dazzo Dazzo FB, Hollin
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548 Frank B. Dazzo erney MJ, Stetze
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550 Frank B. Dazzo van Workum WAT,
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552 Emanuele G. Biondi 2 Materials
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554 Emanuele G. Biondi eral species
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556 - Low intensity of the bands: i
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558 Emanuele G. Biondi CCA ATT CT-3
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560 Emanuele G. Biondi Experimental
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562 Emanuele G. Biondi two strains
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564 Emanuele G. Biondi References a
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29 Functional Genomic Approaches fo
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30 Axenic Culture of Symbiotic Fung
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9 Phosphatic Nutrients 30 Axenic Cu
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Modified aspergillus medium (Varma
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616 Subject Index Antifungal activi
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618 Subject Index Cryosection 317 C
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620 Subject Index Fusarium sp. 73,
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622 Subject Index Leaf surface colo
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624 Subject Index Penicillium sp. 7
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626 Subject Index Salmon sperm DNA
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628 Subject Index Y Yellow fluoresc
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