plant surface microbiology.pdf

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Giang Huong Pham et al.
longed incubation. Newly developed lateral roots were preferred infection
sites and most infections started 0.5–1 cm behind the root tips. Bécard and
Fortin (1988) observed a similar pattern for AMF. The preferential site for primary
infection by the germ tubes of germinating AM spores was the elongation
zone of the main root, where lateral root primordia formed. (Fig. 17).
5 Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes
The exo-oxidative enzyme laccase has been detected in a large number of
basidiomycete ectomycorrhizal fungi, in a few ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes
and only in one endomycorrhizal species (Gramss et al. 1998). All the
ascomycetes tested showed the presence of laccase, but in basidiomycetes only
33 out of 44 species were found to be active (Table 4). However, to our knowl-
Table 4. Laccase activity in mycorrhizal fungi
Fungal species Systematic positions Laccase References
activities
Ectomycorrhizal
basidiomycetes
Amanita gemmata Agaricales, Amanitaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Amanita muscaria Agaricales, Amanitaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Amanita rubescens Agaricales, Amanitaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Amanita spissa Agaricales, Amanitaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Amanita strobiliformis Agaricales, Amanitaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Boletinus cavipes Boletales, Gyrodontaceae (–) Gramss et al. (1998)
Boletus edulis Boletales, Boletaceae (–) Gramss et al. (1998)
Boletus erythropus Boletales, Boletaceae (–) Gramss et al. (1998)
Boletus luridus Boletales, Boletaceae (–) Gramss et al. (1998)
Boletus piperatus Boletales, Boletaceae (–) Gramss et al. (1998)
Cortinarius varius Agaricales, Cortinariaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Hebeloma crustuliniforme Agaricales, Cortinariaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Hebeloma edurum Agaricales, Cortinariaceae (–) Gramss et al. (1998)
Hebeloma hiemale Agaricales, Cortinariaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Hebeloma sinapizans Agaricales, Cortinariaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Laccaria amethystina Agaricales, Tricholomataceae (+) Muenzenberger et
al. (1997)
Lactarius deliciosus Agaricales, Russulaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Lactarius deterrimus Agaricales, Russulaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Lactarius necator Agaricales, Russulaceae (–) Gramss et al. (1998)
Lactarius rufus Agaricales, Russulaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Lactarius torminosus Agaricales, Russulaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Leccinum scabrum Boletales, Boletaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Leccinum versipelle Boletales, Boletaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1998)
Paxillus involutus Boletales, Paxillaceae (+) Gramss et al. (1999)