189. Rust P, Thomas J. A method for estimating the prevalence of tuberculous infection. Am. J.Epidemiol., 1975; 101: 311-22.190. S t y blo K. Pre l i m i n a ry results of the third round of the national tuberculin survey in 19 regions -Tanzania 1993-1997. Tu b e rculosis Surveillance Research Unit Progress Rep o rt . ,1998; 2: 3 1 - 6 6 .191. M i n i s t ry of Health and Social A ffa i rs , Ko rean Institute of Tu b e rc u l o s i s , Ko rean Nat i o n a l<strong>Tuberculosis</strong> Association. Report on the 3rd tuberculosis prevalence survey in Korea - 1975.Edition 1. Seoul: The Korean Institute of <strong>Tuberculosis</strong>, 1976.192. Hong Y P, Kim SJ, K won DW, Chang SC, L ew W J, Han YC. The sixth nationwide tuberc u l o s i sprevalence survey in Korea, 1990. Tubercle Lung Dis., 1993; 74: 323-31.193. M i n i s t ry of Health and Social A ffa i rs , Ko rean Institute of Tu b e rc u l o s i s , Ko rean Nat i o n a l<strong>Tuberculosis</strong> Association. Report on the first tuberculosis prevalence survey in Korea - 1965.Edition 1. Seoul: The Korean Institute of <strong>Tuberculosis</strong>, 1966.194. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korean National <strong>Tuberculosis</strong> Association. Report on the 7tht u b e rculosis prevalence survey in Ko rea - 1995. 1- Seoul: The Ko rean Institute of Tu b e rc u l o s i s ,1996.195. C o m s t o ck GW. Identifi c ation of an effe c t ive vaccine against tuberculosis. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.,1988; 138: 479-80.196. Baily GVJ, Narain R, Mayurnath S, Vallishayee RS, Guld J. Trial of BCG vaccines in southIndia for tuberculosis prevention. Tu b e rculosis Prevention Tri a l ,M a d ras. Ind. J. Med. Res., 1 9 8 0 ;72(suppl): 1-74.197. C o m s t o ck GW, L ive s ay V T, Wo o l p e rt SF. Eva l u ation of BCG va c c i n ation among Puerto Ricanchildren. Am. J. Public Health, 1974; 64: 283-91.198. Rieder HL. Methodological issues in the estimation of the tuberculosis pro blem from tuberc u l i nsurveys. Tubercle Lung Dis., 1995; 76: 114-21.199. Wo rld Health Orga n i z ation. A tuberculosis survey in Ta n ga nyika. WHO Research Offi c e,World Health Organization, Copenhagen, 1958; 1-32.100. A m e rican Th o racic Society. The tuberculin skin test. A statement by the Committee onDiagnostic Skin Testing. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1971; 104: 769-75.101. Flury BD, Airoldi JP, Biber JP. Gender identification of water pipits (Anthus spinoletta) usingmixtures of distributions. J. Theor. Biol., 1992; 158: 465-80.102. Groth-Petersen E, Knudsen J, Wilbek E. Epidemiological basis of tuberculosis eradication inan advanced country. Bull. World Health Organ., 1959; 21: 5-49.103. National <strong>Tuberculosis</strong> Institute Bangalore. <strong>Tuberculosis</strong> in a rural population of South India:a five-year epidemiological study. Bull. World Health Organ., 1974; 51: 473-88.104. H a e fl i ger E. Die tuberkulöse Durch s e u chung (im Sinne der Infe k t i o n s p r ä valenz) in der Sch we i z .Praxis Klin Pneumol., 1982; 36: 335-64.105. H o fer S. Zum Stand der Gesamtdurch s e u chung mit Tu b e rkulose (Infe k t i o n s p r ä valenz) derB ev ö l ke rung in der Sch weiz (Kanton Züri ch) im Ja h re 1978 und zu we i t e re nDurchseuchungsproblemen [dissertation]. Zürich: University of Zürich, 1982.- 154 -
106. Zuberbühler JG. Der Verlauf der Tuberkulose-Durchseuchung in der Schweiz innerhalb derGeburtskohorten 1901-1954 [dissertation]. Zürich: University of Zürich, 1981.107. Rieder HL, Z i m m e rmann H, Z wahlen M, Billo NE. Epidemiologie der Tu b e rkulose in derSchweiz. Schweiz Rundschau Med Praxis, 1990; 79: 675-9.108. M i n i s t ry of Health and Social A ffa i rs , Ko rean Institute of Tu b e rc u l o s i s , Ko rean Nat i o n a l<strong>Tuberculosis</strong> Association. Report on the 2nd tuberculosis prevalence survey in Korea - 1970.Edition 1. Seoul: The Korean Institute of <strong>Tuberculosis</strong>, 1971.109. M i n i s t ry of Health and Social A ffa i rs , Ko rean National Tu b e rculosis A s s o c i ation. Rep o rt on the5th tuberculosis prevalence survey in Korea - 1985. Edition 1. Seoul: The Korean Institute of<strong>Tuberculosis</strong>, 1986.110. R o e l s ga a rd E, I ve rsen E, B l ø cher C. Tu b e rculosis in tropical A f rica. An ep i d e m i o l ogical study.Bull. World Health Organ., 1964; 30: 459-518.111. D ' A rcy Hart P. The value of tuberculin tests in man, with special re fe rence to the intra c u t a n e o u stest. Med. Res. Council Special Series, 1932; 164: 5-132.112. Kuemmerer JM, Comstock GW. Sociologic concomitants of tuberculin sensitivity. Am. Rev.Respir. Dis., 1967; 96: 885-92.113. Snider DE, J r. , Cauthen GM. Tu b e rculin skin testing of hospital employe e s : i n fe c t i o n ,“boosting”, and two-step testing. Am. J. Infect. Control, 1984; 12: 305-11.114. T ö rnell E. The infection risk for tuberculosis in an industrial city, t ogether with an ex a m i n at i o nas to the durability of the tuberculin positiveness. Acta Tuberc. Scand., 1943; 17: 261-181.115. Aronson JD. The fluctuation of the tuberculin reaction in different geographic areas and itsrelation to resistance. Am. Rev. Tuberc., 1951; 63: 121-39.116. S u t h e rland I. The effect of tuberculin reve rsion upon the estimate of the annual risk oftuberculous infection. Bull. Int Union Tuberc., 1971; 45: 115-8.117. Menzies D. Interp re t ation of rep e ated tuberculin tests. Boosting, c o nve rs i o n ,and reve rsion. A mJ. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 1999; 159: 15-21.118. Styblo K, Meijer J, Sutherland I. The transmission of tubercle bacilli - its trend in a humanpopulation. <strong>Tuberculosis</strong> Surveillance Research Unit Report No. 1. Bull. Int. Union Tuberc.,1969; 42: 1-104.119. Sutherland I. Recent studies in the epidemiology of tuberculosis, based on the risk of beinginfected with tubercle bacilli. Adv. Tuberc. Res., 1976; 19: 1-63.120. Cauthen GM, Pio A , ten Dam HG. A n nual risk of infection. Wo rld Health Orga n i z at i o nDocument, 1988; WHO/TB/88. 154: 1-34.121. S u t h e rland I, S t y blo K, Sampalik M, B l e i ker MA. A n nual risks of tuberculous infection in1 4 c o u n t ri e s , d e rived from the results of tuberculin surveys in 1948-1952. Bull. Int. UnionTuberc., 1971; 45: 75-114.122. S t y blo K. Epidemiology of tuberculosis. Edition 2. The Hag u e :R oyal Netherlands Tu b e rc u l o s i sAssociation, 1991.- 155 -
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Bases epidemiológicasdel control d
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ContenidoPrefacio..................
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Otras afecciones ..................
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PrefacioSe puede lograr un control
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AgradecimientosEl autor desea expre
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IntroducciónLa ep i d e m i o l og
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CAPÍTULO IExposición al bacilo tu
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Densidad de la poblaciónLa densida
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En este caso, dos generaciones se e
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CAPÍTULO 2Infección con el bacilo
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Figura 5. Tiempo de evaporación de
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de llegar a los alvéolos [23]. Por
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IntimoCasualIntimoCasualBaciloscopi
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fuente de contagio. Los sujetos que
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Figura 11. Correlación entre porce
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A comienzos del siglo XX, von Pirqu
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preparación se guarda en Copenhagu
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No contactoContactointermedioContac
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Figura 17. Distribución de frecuen
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Figura 20. Frecuencia de las reacci
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TanzaniaDjiboutiInduración (mm)Fig
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5 años de edad. Poco tiempo despu
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determinar la prevalencia de la inf
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puede ser interp retada ra zo n abl
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Figura 31. Relación hombre-mujer e
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Figura 34. P revalencia específica
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Figura 37. F recuencia de reaccione
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como la prevalencia son ex p resado
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Figura 38. Tendencias del riesgo an
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Figura 41. Tendencias del riesgo an
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Figura 43. Estimación de la preval
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Figura 45. Estimación de la preval
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ejemplos los casos son de tuberculo
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En los países donde el manejo de l
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Figura 49. F a c t o res de riesgo
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Figura 52. Incidencia de la tubercu
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[141], han arrojado alguna luz sobr
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Figura 55. E volución clínica e i
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gru p o p l a c eb o , no trat a d
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SexoParece ser que existe una difer
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Figura 60. Incidencia de la tubercu
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m i c o b a c t e rias ambientales
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Drogadicción por vía endovenosaR
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Un estudio detallado de los factore
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Tratamiento con corticoesteroidesLa
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son pro b ablemente de importancia
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sobre la morbilidad consecutiva a l
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una atención particular para focal
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Sin embargo la tasa de disminución
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Häro analizó la morbilidad de la
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Figura 72. Tasas de declaración de
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Figura 75. Incidencia estimada de t
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- Page 152 and 153: 18. Loudon RG, R o b e rts RM. Drop
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- Page 160 and 161: 159. Rieder HL. Tu b e rculosis in
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- Page 168 and 169: 301. C e n t e rs for Disease Contr
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- Page 172 and 173: 366. Espinal MA, R e i n gold A L ,
- Page 174 and 175: 403. S a rt well PE, M o s e l ey C