266. Rieder HL, Cauthen GM, Ke l ly GD, B l o ch A B, Snider DE, J r. Tu b e rculosis in the UnitedStates. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1989; 262: 385-9.267. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reported tuberculosis in the United States 1996.Washington, DC: U.S.Department of Health and Human Services Publication, 1997.268. Snider DE, J r. ,Roper WL. The new tuberculosis. (Editorial). N. Engl. J. Med. , 1992; 326: 7 0 3 - 5 .269. B ru d n ey K, Dobkin J. Resurgent tuberculosis in New Yo rk City. Human immu n o d e fi c i e n cyv i ru s , h o m e l e s s n e s s , and the decline of tuberculosis control programs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.,1991; 144: 7 4 5 - 9 .270. R aviglione MC, S u d re P, Rieder HL, Spinaci S, Ko chi A. Secular trends of tuberculosis inWestern Europe. Bull. World Health Organ., 1993; 71: 297-306.271. Härö A S. Tu b e rculosis in Fi n l a n d. Past - present - future. Tu b e rculosis and Respirat o ry DiseasesYearbook, 1988; 18: 1-109.272. Powell KE, Farer LS. The rising age of the tuberculosis patient: a sign of success and failure.J. Infect. Dis., 1980; 142: 946-8.273. Andvord KF. Hvad kan vi lære ved å folge tuberkulosens gang fra generasjon til generasjon?( Wh at can we learn by studying tuberculosis by ge n e ration?). Norsk Magasin fo rLaegevidenskaben, 1930; 91: 642-60.274. A n dvo rd KF. Der Ve rlauf der Tu b e rkulose durch Generationen. Beitr Klin Tu b e rk ,1930; 75: 5 5 2 - 6 3 .275. A n dvo rd KF. Wh at can be learned from fo l l owing the development of tuberculosis fro mgeneration to generation. (Unpublished translation by Gerard Wijsmuller, undated typescriptat the Annik Rouillon Documentation Centre of the IUATLD). Norsk Magasin fo rLaegevidenskaben, 1930; 91: 642-60.276. Frost WH. The age selection of mortality from tuberculosis in successive decades. Am. J.Hyg., 1939; 30: 91-6.277. Comstock GW. Invited Commentary on “The Age Selection of Mortality from <strong>Tuberculosis</strong> inSuccessive Decades”. Am. J. Epidemiol., 1995; 141:3.278. Hinman A R , Ju dd JM, Kolnik JP, D a i t ch PB. Changing risks in tuberculosis. Am. J. Epidemiol.,1976; 103: 486-97.279. Horwitz O, Comstock GW. What is a case of tuberculosis? The tuberculosis case spectrum ineight countries eva l u ated from 1235 case histories and ro e n t ge n ograms. Int. J. Epidemiol.,1973; 2: 145-52.280. Tala E. Registration of tuberculosis in Europe. Bull. Int. Union Tuberc., 1987; 62: 74-6.281. Rieder HL,Watson JM, R aviglione MC, Fo rssbohm M, M i g l i o ri GB, S ch wo ebel V, et al. Surve i l l a n c eof tuberculosis in Euro p e. Recommendations of a Wo rking Group of the Wo rld Health Orga n i z at i o n(WHO) and the European Region of the Intern ational Union A gainst Tu b e rculosis and Lung Disease( I UATLD) for unifo rm rep o rting on tuberculosis cases. Eur. Respir. J. , 1996; 9: 1 0 9 7 - 1 0 4 .282. E u roTB (CESES/KNCV) and the national coord i n at o rs for tuberculosis surveillance in theWHO European Region. Surveillance of tuberculosis in Europe. Report on tuberculosis casesnotified in 1996. EuroTB, 1998; September: 1-95.- 164 -
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Bases epidemiológicasdel control d
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ContenidoPrefacio..................
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Otras afecciones ..................
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PrefacioSe puede lograr un control
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AgradecimientosEl autor desea expre
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IntroducciónLa ep i d e m i o l og
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CAPÍTULO IExposición al bacilo tu
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Densidad de la poblaciónLa densida
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En este caso, dos generaciones se e
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CAPÍTULO 2Infección con el bacilo
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Figura 5. Tiempo de evaporación de
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de llegar a los alvéolos [23]. Por
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IntimoCasualIntimoCasualBaciloscopi
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fuente de contagio. Los sujetos que
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Figura 11. Correlación entre porce
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A comienzos del siglo XX, von Pirqu
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preparación se guarda en Copenhagu
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No contactoContactointermedioContac
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Figura 17. Distribución de frecuen
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Figura 20. Frecuencia de las reacci
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TanzaniaDjiboutiInduración (mm)Fig
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5 años de edad. Poco tiempo despu
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determinar la prevalencia de la inf
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puede ser interp retada ra zo n abl
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Figura 31. Relación hombre-mujer e
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Figura 34. P revalencia específica
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Figura 37. F recuencia de reaccione
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como la prevalencia son ex p resado
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Figura 38. Tendencias del riesgo an
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Figura 41. Tendencias del riesgo an
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Figura 43. Estimación de la preval
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Figura 45. Estimación de la preval
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ejemplos los casos son de tuberculo
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En los países donde el manejo de l
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Figura 49. F a c t o res de riesgo
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Figura 52. Incidencia de la tubercu
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[141], han arrojado alguna luz sobr
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Figura 55. E volución clínica e i
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gru p o p l a c eb o , no trat a d
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SexoParece ser que existe una difer
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Figura 60. Incidencia de la tubercu
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m i c o b a c t e rias ambientales
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Drogadicción por vía endovenosaR
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Un estudio detallado de los factore
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Tratamiento con corticoesteroidesLa
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son pro b ablemente de importancia
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sobre la morbilidad consecutiva a l
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una atención particular para focal
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Sin embargo la tasa de disminución
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Häro analizó la morbilidad de la
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Figura 72. Tasas de declaración de
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Figura 75. Incidencia estimada de t
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más elevada en los hombres que en
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[112]. Es evidente que los indicado
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Figura 82. Porcentaje anual promedi
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ápidamente en el mismo período de
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D ebido a múltiples obstáculos, e
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- Page 152 and 153: 18. Loudon RG, R o b e rts RM. Drop
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