159. Rieder HL. Tu b e rculosis in an Indochinese re f u gee camp: ep i d e m i o l ogy, m a n agement andtherapeutic results. Tubercle, 1985; 66: 179-86.160. Thompson BC. The pathogenesis of tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes. A clinical studyof 324 cases. Tubercle, 1940; 21: 217-35.161. Snider DE, J r. Tu b e rculosis and body bu i l d. (Editorial). J. Am. Med. A s s o c. , 1987; 258: 3 2 9 9 .162. Palmer CE, Jablon S, E dwa rds PQ. Tu b e rculosis morbidity of young men in re l ation totuberculin sensitivity and body build. Am. Rev. Tuberc. Pulm. Dis., 1957; 76: 517-39.163. Edwards LB, Livesay VT, Acquaviva FA, Palmer CE. Height, weight, tuberculous infection,and tuberculous disease. Arch. Environ. Health, 1971; 22: 106-12.164. C o m s t o ck GW, Palmer CE. Long-term results of BCG va c c i n ation in the southern UnitedStates. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1966; 93: 171-83.165. T ve rdal A. Body mass index and incidence of tuberculosis. Eur. J. Respir. Dis., 1986; 69: 3 5 5 - 6 2 .166. Singh SPN, Mehra NK, Dingley HB, Pande JN, Vaidya MC. HLA-A, -B, -C and -DR antigenprofile in pulmonary tuberculosis in North India. Tissue Antigens, 1983; 21: 380-4.167. Mehra NK, Bovornkitti S. HLA and tuberculosis - a reappraisal. Asian Pac. J. All. Immunol.,1986; 4: 149-56.168. Xingpei X, Senbin L, C h a oying W, Quanhui L. Study on the association of HLA with pulmonarytuberculosis. Immunol. Invest., 1986; 15: 327-32.169. Hawkins BR, Higgins DA, Chan SL, Lowrie DB, Mitchison DA, Girling DJ. HLA typing inthe Hong Kong Chest Service / British Medical Research Council study of factors associatedwith the bre a k d own of active tuberculosis of inactive pulmonary lesions. Am. Rev. Respir.Dis., 1988; 138: 1616-21.170. Overfield T, Klauber R. Prevalence of tuberculosis in Eskimos having blood group B gene.Human Biology, 1980; 52: 87-92.171. Beddall AC, Hill FGH, George RH. Haemophilia and tuberculosis. Lancet, 1983; 1: 1226.172. Beddall AC, Hill FGH, George RH, Williams MD, Al-Rubei K. Unusually high incidence oft u b e rculosis among boys with haemophilia during an outbreak of the disease in hospital.J. Clin. Pathol., 1985; 38: 1163-5.173. Cummins SL. <strong>Tuberculosis</strong> in primitive tribes and its bearing on the tuberculosis of civilizedcommunities. Int. J. Publ. Health, 1920; 1: 137-71.174. B o rrel A. Pneumonie et tuberculose chez les troupes noires. Ann. Inst. Pa s t e u r, 1920; 34:1 0 5 - 4 8 .175. B e rghaus W. Gibt es eine erbl i che Tu b e rkulose-Disposition? Zschr Hyg Infkrk h ,1936; 0: 7 5 7 - 6 7 .176. Bellamy R, Ruwende C, Corrah T, McAdam KPWJ, Whittle HC, Hill AVS. Variations in theNRAMP1 gene and susceptibility to tuberculosis in West A f ricans. N. Engl. J. Med. , 1 9 9 8 ;3 3 8 :640-4.177. B o rg d o r ff MW. The NRAMP1 gene and susceptibility to tuberculosis. (Corre s p o n d e n c e ) .N. Engl. J. Med., 1998; 339: 199-200.- 158 -
178. N o rth RJ, Medina E. How important is Nramp1 in tuberculosis? Trends Micro b i o l . , 1 9 9 8 ;6 : 4 4 1 - 3 .179. Stead W W, L o f gren JP, Senner JW. Invited commentary : re l at ive susceptibility of bl a ckAmericans to tuberculosis. Am. J. Epidemiol., 1994; 139: 531-2.180. Stead W W, Senner JW, R e dd i ck W T, L o f gren JP. Racial diffe rences in susceptibility to infe c t i o nby Mycobacterium tuberculosis. N. Engl. J. Med., 1990; 322: 422-7.181. Hoge CW, Fisher L, Donnell HD, Jr., Dodson DR, Tomlinson GV, Jr., Breiman RF, et al. Riskfactors for transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a primary school outbreak: lack ofracial difference in susceptibility to infection. Am. J. Epidemiol., 1994; 139: 520-30.182. H oge CW, Fisher L, Donnell HD, J r. ,Dodson DR, Tomlinson GV, J r. ,B reiman RF, et al. Rep lyto “ I nvited commentary : re l at ive susceptibility of bl a ck A m e ricans to tuberc u l o s i s ” .Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:533-4.183. C o m s t o ck GW, E dwa rds LB, L ive s ay V T. Tu b e rculosis morbidity in the U. S. Nav y : i t sdistribution and decline. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1974; 110: 572-80.184. Lowe CR. An association between smoking and respiratory tuberculosis. Br. Med. J., 1956;2: 1081-6.185. Edwards JH. Contribution of cigarette smoking to respiratory disease. Br. J. Prev. Soc., Med.,1957; 11: 10-21.186. Yu G, Hsieh C, Peng J. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosisamong sanitary workers in Shanghai. Tubercle, 1988; 69: 105-12.187. Mellencamp MA, Jerrells TR. Effects of ethanol consumption on susceptibility to pulmonaryand gastrointestinal infections. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res., 1996; 20 (suppl): 192A-5A.188. R e i chman LB, Felton CP, Edsall JR. Drug dep e n d e n c e, a possible new risk factor fo rtuberculosis disease. Arch. Intern. Med., 1979; 139: 337-9.189. Ott A. Tuberkulose und Umwelt. In: Hein J, Kleinschmidt H, Uehlinger E, editors. Edition 1.Stuttgart: Georg Thieme, 1958: 637-98.190. Strachan DP, Powell KJ, Thaker A, Millard FJC, Maxwell JD. Vegetarian diet as a risk factorfor tuberculosis in immigrant south London Asians. Thorax, 1995; 50: 175-80.191. Strachan DP, Millard FJ, Maxwell JD. Vegetarian diet and tuberculosis in immigrant Asians.(Correspondence). Thorax, 1995; 50: 916.192. C rowle A J, Ross EJ, M ay MH. Inhibition by 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 of the mu l t i p l i c t i o nof virulent tubercle bacilli cultured in human macro p h ages. Infect. Immu n i t y, 1987; 55:2 9 4 5 - 5 0 .193. D avies PDO. A possible link between vitamin D defi c i e n cy and impaired host defense toMycobacterium tuberculosis. Tubercle, 1985; 66: 301-6.194. Snider DE, J r. The re l ationship between tuberculosis and silicosis. (Editorial). Am. Rev.Respir. Dis., 1978; 118: 455-60.195. Paul R. Silicosis in northern Rhodesia copper miners. Arch. Environ Health, 1961; 2: 96-109.- 159 -
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Bases epidemiológicasdel control d
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ContenidoPrefacio..................
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Otras afecciones ..................
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PrefacioSe puede lograr un control
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AgradecimientosEl autor desea expre
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IntroducciónLa ep i d e m i o l og
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CAPÍTULO IExposición al bacilo tu
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Densidad de la poblaciónLa densida
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En este caso, dos generaciones se e
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CAPÍTULO 2Infección con el bacilo
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Figura 5. Tiempo de evaporación de
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de llegar a los alvéolos [23]. Por
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IntimoCasualIntimoCasualBaciloscopi
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fuente de contagio. Los sujetos que
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Figura 11. Correlación entre porce
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A comienzos del siglo XX, von Pirqu
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preparación se guarda en Copenhagu
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No contactoContactointermedioContac
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Figura 17. Distribución de frecuen
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Figura 20. Frecuencia de las reacci
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TanzaniaDjiboutiInduración (mm)Fig
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5 años de edad. Poco tiempo despu
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determinar la prevalencia de la inf
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puede ser interp retada ra zo n abl
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Figura 31. Relación hombre-mujer e
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Figura 34. P revalencia específica
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Figura 37. F recuencia de reaccione
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como la prevalencia son ex p resado
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Figura 38. Tendencias del riesgo an
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Figura 41. Tendencias del riesgo an
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Figura 43. Estimación de la preval
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Figura 45. Estimación de la preval
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ejemplos los casos son de tuberculo
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En los países donde el manejo de l
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Figura 49. F a c t o res de riesgo
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Figura 52. Incidencia de la tubercu
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[141], han arrojado alguna luz sobr
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Figura 55. E volución clínica e i
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gru p o p l a c eb o , no trat a d
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SexoParece ser que existe una difer
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Figura 60. Incidencia de la tubercu
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m i c o b a c t e rias ambientales
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Drogadicción por vía endovenosaR
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Un estudio detallado de los factore
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Tratamiento con corticoesteroidesLa
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son pro b ablemente de importancia
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sobre la morbilidad consecutiva a l
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una atención particular para focal
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Sin embargo la tasa de disminución
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Häro analizó la morbilidad de la
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Figura 72. Tasas de declaración de
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Figura 75. Incidencia estimada de t
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más elevada en los hombres que en
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[112]. Es evidente que los indicado
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- Page 152 and 153: 18. Loudon RG, R o b e rts RM. Drop
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