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IFES Pre-electionAssessment: BurundiPresident Buyoya is hopeful that this new government will be one that leads the country wellduring the transition period and bring true peace and reconciliation to the people of Burundi.The new government has two women (same as in previous), and several of the ministers retaintheir former posts. The new government will be replaced following the Presidential andLegislative elections planned for early 1993.14
ill. THE ETHNIC SITUATION IN BURUNDIIt is impossible to describe the prospects for democracy in Burundi without first understandingthe country's ethnic situation. The majority Hutu tribe comprises 85 percent of the population,the Tutsis 14 percent and the Twa 1 percent.The Belgian colonial administration (1919-1962) strengthened the already dominant Tutsi byeducating them and excluding all others from the administrative and business life of thecountry. With ethnicity an increasingly absolute determinant of socioeconomic status, and withthe abolition of the stabilizing force of the monarchy after independence, Hutu-Tutsi tensionsexploded to produce some of the worst violence in history. Thousands of educated Hutus weremassacred in 1965, and in 1972 some 100,000 to 200,000 died when virtually all Hutu whohad advanced beyond the first years of secondary education were targeted. In 1988, tribaltensions again erupted and an estimated 20,000 were killed. An estimate on the number whodied in renewed fighting in the Fall of 1991 is 1,000 to 3,000.Government officials with whom the IFES team met spoke as if ethnic identification is aWestern construct that exists only among a few educated people in the city. It is quick to pointout that it does not keep figures on the ethnic composition of various institutions and that itslast general census (August 1990) was not conducted along ethnic lines. However, the claimis somewhat disingenuous. To be sure, Burundians have been manipUlated by individualsoutside the Burundi Government (Belgians, Rwandans, Palipehutu, and old Royalists, forexample). However, they continue to have some dwindling measure of success only becauseBurundians - educated and illiterate, urban dweller and peasant - are very much aware of whotheir neighbors are.While language, geography, and an increasing sense of nationalism serve to reinforce unity inBurundi, there .are a host of real and psychological forces that also serve to· keep ethnic tensionsalive: a fear of renewed tribal conflict and the loss of political dominance; an assertion ofgroup worth and place; the existence of negative remembrances and images kept alive by astrong oral tradition; evidence of a sense of superiority on the part of a politically andeconomically dominant minority; and the lack of modem associations around which people canalternatively organize.Most Burundians support the democratization and ethnic reconciliation processes launched by15
Page 1 and 2: Date Printed: 11/03/2008JTS Box Num
Page 4 and 5: •TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMA
Page 7 and 8: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe winds of chang
Page 9 and 10: •IFESPre-electionAssessment:Burun
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Page 25 and 26: •The EconomyIV. EFFECTS OF POLITI
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Page 33 and 34: IFES Pre-electionAssessmentBurundiP
Page 37 and 38: VTI. REGISTRATION AND VOTING PROCED
Page 47 and 48: IX. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONSCivic
Page 49 and 50: •IFESPre-electionAssessment:Burun
Page 53 and 54: •••
Page 55 and 56: Cu~r1cu1umV1taQFamilY n&melFirst nA
Page 57 and 58: Biodata, IFES Team, Burundi - 1992R
Page 59 and 60: Appendix B:List of Persons Intervie
Page 61 and 62: LANGE,Leonard'"Deputy Chief of Hiss
Page 63 and 64: •••
Page 65 and 66: REPCBLIQUE DU BURUNDICOMMISSION CON
Page 67 and 68: .'e S'il est vrai que la population
Page 69 and 70: 25De 1916 a 1923, Ie Burundi est pl
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27Laexecutif,A appartient., legisla
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37Problemes lies a la democratisati
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1 16Quatrieme chapitreDEMOCRATISATI
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118II est a rernarquer que malgre I
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D. Impact du systeme multipartiste
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, .122Comme cela a ete dej~ dit, le
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124Constitutionnelle propose que 1'
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•••
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I .f .e!!,ii.,~;,ft~efr{,·IBWIRIZW
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II,lI .;,•i1i!I N TAN GAM A R A R
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2a-aaucI ", !I ,,11 ,ii1If1t;Inging
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eut.:reIngingo ya 9Ibwirizwa ni ryo
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Ingingo ya 17Article 17;. 2.;- etln
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::anCeestt. desetereIt le,t desurli
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:.t de~ment,:' des~.ne s::lrnent~rn
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~ro-:-'so~-:u de:..:tione'oi ts~ se
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, de::'::m,3.pi1.~cteJienIngingo
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sont:a:io-.::: s :~.fon;onned'un:
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. deaudeuxrite ~-~ripas, il'i de"on
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:--oupe de'",:x-memes:i:Jns de~'eli
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Ingingo ya 77Article 77,..:oliquest
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: e :: elngingo ya 82Article 8
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=;:~t.e;:·e!.1::-xpe-,-~:1tes;::'u
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5eil desegat.ion,. .. de 1a:n erdre
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on eli?Cu t ion,_nsetre:rs po':":
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~evoird'un•uventrchesjugesvotesle
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Ibwirizwa ni ~yo ryereka~auko ~mwak
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~:'sab·..,;e nl2.:;are~ba ':~a Kab
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lngingo ya 127Abagize lnama Nshinga
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~~~~~~~:=: - ~~ha~ba\'e "'Wbt.:::i~
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Ingir.go ya 139Article 139,,", ,,~
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....c3.kira ::::ao:.a ::isambu::waz
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lngingo ya 151Article 151':"J".. ~-
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-; SentarE Nkuru y'Ubutungane3. De
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Ingingo ya 162Abagize 1nam2 Nkuru y
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Ingingo 'ya 169Ibwirizwa ni ryo rye
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X I IIVYEREKEYE INZEGO Z'INTANGODES
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;~ik:"::~·;agL.:s:-::'~:a~:;.:;ke:
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Appendix E:Rappon de Za Commission
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Ressources agricoles principales pa
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•Avant -proposNous voudrions empr
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1619 _vant -proposrdles nous interp
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Avallt -propos 2223 Ae·proposaulor
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Appendix F:Chane de [,Unite Nationa
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NDUS PEUPLE BURUNDAIS.1Forts- de no
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engager et qGe la victoire est A no
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5Les E:arund i ont tisse des 1 i en
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7NOLis reprouvans l'effusion du san
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Nou's rec:onc:i 1 i er avec: nous-m
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·1 1publiques doivent avoir une co
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13protegee et· respectee dans son
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La culture nationale.Le destin de I
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•••
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·'..,..,tt"REPUBLIQUE DU BURUNDICA
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- 2 -Deuxiememen·t, nous voudrions
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- .; -C'est donc une periode l'on n
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- 6 -Monsieur le-Premier Ministre,l
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Appendix H:Electoral Law and Ordonn
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B.O.IJ. n-6 nlo1.. ;:.{lion des art
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B.O. B. n' 6/&4.compo~e d.'un Pr6id
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aO.Ii. n' 6/84244teua pC5c.nt~. t;:
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.. -. :..:, .:B.O.B. n° 6/84Ell, d
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B.O.B. n" 6/84.~S~clion S.Dt. Infra
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B.0.8 II' 6/'d4ACI. 112.Lcfl\.lw.::
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Ii.O. B. n" 6/'iA25211 PCU! nOlummc
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B.O.B, r.. 6/b4dS~ctio 11 9,iniUmnj
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hLPUaLlOUE DU BURUNDIHlNISTElIE DE
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Article 7 :Le bulletin de vote depo
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_... ,'... ~'"Article 18 :Ce dernie
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4!J.n mil neu1' cent ~uatr~ dDuze ,
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Ii- 'If YO' E' X E-~OCES ,., v=:aML
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'-__HINISTERE DES REL:.TIONSEXTERIE
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Article 911 est cree un Cornite Ele
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mx:ES-Vl:l£'\I.. 0 'Q..NOOtlR£, r
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Fait a B~j"""bura. le;if Fevrier 19
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•••
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REPUBLIOUE DU BURUNDICABINET 'DU PR
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41'Article 5Dans leur creation. leu
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Article 16Dans Ie cadre de leur obj
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Titre 111 -DE LA PROCEDURE D'AGREME
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Article 30La decision du Ministre a
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11 est inlerdil aux pal-lis poliliq
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sur demande icrile adressie au Mini
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Article 61.Sans prejudice d'aulres
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Titre VI I IDU COMITE DE CONCILIATI
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! .~ Article 76La presente loi entr
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Appendix J:Deerer sur La Presse
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:::'cl~ .;: Sa.."1S ?:"ejudic2 des
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4) l' ac.:--25se cc,7,?le~~ c:..1 S
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"23dep·')t legc::l ce c..;'.,..;.x
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,-e (Je::-ant ou 1"- c1i::-~ct"ur d
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••
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DEMAND:: D'ASSISTANCE A L'ADRESS::
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'.,S:':C?£TAR!AT DE LA CO~ISSION N
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