Maclean et al. - 2002 - Rice almanac source book for the most important e

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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500 80 60 400 300 Production Area Yield 40 20 Calorie share Protein share 200 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Share of calories and protein from rice, 1966-99 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2000 Indices of rice production, area, and yield, 1966-2000 Kg/capita 500 400 300 200 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Per capita production (paddy terms), 1966-99 Percent 100 80 Exports 60 40 20 0 –20 Imports –40 –60 –80 –100 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Net trade status, 1966-99 Basic statistics, Myanmar 1985 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 Rice Area harvested (ha)4,660,800 4,760,000 6,032,700 5,458,500 6,210,787 6,000,000 Yield (t/ha)3.1 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Production (t)14,317,048 13,971,800 17,956,900 17,076,728 20,124,708 20,000,000 Rice imports (t)0 0 0 19 19 na Paddy imports (t) na na na na na na Rice exports (t)581,500 213,600 353,800 86,966 36,000 na Paddy exports (t) na na na na na na Others Population, total (×10 3 )37,544 40,520 42,877 44,497 45,059 na Population, agricuture (×10 3 )27,990 29,688 30,770 31,520 31,776 na Agricultural area (×10 3 ha)10,429 10,428 10,450 10,505 na na Irrigated agricultural area (×10 3 ha)1,085 1,005 1,555 1,592 na na Total fertilizer consumption (t)194,087 70,732 179,730 171,805 na na Tractors used in agric. (no.)10,026 13,000 7,818 8,528 na na Source: FAOSTAT online database. Rice around the world 113
Japan General information • GNI per capita PPP$, 2000: 27,080 • Internal renewable water resources: 547 km 3 • Main food consumed: • Rice consumption, 1999: 59.9 kg milled rice per person per year Production season Planting Harvesting Main season, North May-Jun Aug-Sep Main season, Central Apr-May Aug-Oct Main season, South Apr-May Sep-Nov The Japanese islands are located between 20° and 45° N latitude and 123° and 146° E longitude. They lie off the eastern coast of Asia, roughly in a crescent shape. The country consists of four main islands with about 4,000 smaller ones. The northern limit of rice cultivation is 44° N. Rice is grown up to 1,400 m altitude in the central region of the main island. Japan is in AEZ 8, characterized as cool subtropics with summer rainfall. The climate is humid temperate and oceanic with four distinct seasons. Rainfall during the rainy season in June and July is indispensable to rice cultivation. Temperature and solar radiation from April to October are ideal for rice growing. The population in 1999 was about 127 million. While 21% of the population now lives in rural areas, the agricultural population has declined from about 29 million in 1960 to just 5 million today because of diversification of the economy. Population growth is just 0.2% per annum. The changing role of rice cultivation in Japan* Rice cultivation in Japan, which dates back more than 2,000 years, was introduced from China in the late Jomon era. From that time until the present, rice farming has exerted a considerable influence on the social structure and culture of the *This section was contributed by Dr. Ryoichi Ikeda, Director, Rice Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Kannondai, 2-1-18, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan. 114 Rice almanac
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Third Edition Source Book for the M
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Contents Foreword v Acknowledgments
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Foreword The first edition of the R
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The facts of rice Production Rice f
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Transplanting is the planting of 1-
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Ecogeographic differentiation Indic
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Table 3. World rice area, yield, an
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from working on these farms. In the
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The rice plant and its ecology Morp
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Flag leaf blade Axis Spikelet (flor
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Table 1. Typical profile of a flood
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Korea 8 CHINA 8 5 6 Japan 5 PAKISTA
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growth duration (around 100 d), gre
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and high levels of exchangeable Al.
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In these environments, rice yields
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insects, spiders, and microorganism
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Predator movements between habitats
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Wolf spiders feed on a range of ins
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terraces of the northern Philippine
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precursors of vitamin A—beta-caro
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Hybrid breeding has also begun with
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UV radiation effects UV-B radiation
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year, was actually less than 19 mil
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herbicide was present, these select
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2. Water-limited production. 3. Wat
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tive mechanisms of the three intern
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Integrated Natural Resource Managem
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evaluate prototype technologies for
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eaches of river systems, in which a
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to be combined in a coherent and co
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natural resource base. To fulfill t
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objectives are to focus rice-sector
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Drying rice in southern Vietnam. sc
Page 68 and 69: Table 1. Production and consumption
Page 70 and 71: Table 3. Population growth versus r
Page 72 and 73: Table 4. Comparison of domestic ric
Page 74 and 75: Rice in Europe and the Mediterranea
Page 76 and 77: flooding the rice field to stimulat
Page 78 and 79: Rice in North America Rice in North
Page 80 and 81: Large-scale mechanized rice farmers
Page 82 and 83: Rice in Latin America and the Carib
Page 84 and 85: Experimental rice plots in Uruguay.
Page 86 and 87: Table 1. Production, consumption, a
Page 88 and 89: occur only by shifting out of other
Page 90 and 91: The top 10 rice-producing countries
Page 92 and 93: eastern, and south-central areas, w
Page 94 and 95: Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
Page 96 and 97: The Rajasthan desert extending west
Page 100 and 101: malnutrition among children age 2-5
Page 104 and 105: Recent developments in the rice sec
Page 112 and 113: in 1999 and grew at 0.9%/yr during
Page 120 and 121: country. This is because rice has e
Page 124 and 125: incidence of malnutrition among chi
Page 128 and 129: consumption of cassava. Rice suppli
Page 132 and 133: AFGHANISTAN is a landlocked country
Page 134 and 135: ARGENTINA extends down the Atlantic
Page 136 and 137: The island continent of AUSTRALIA i
Page 138 and 139: BHUTAN, surrounded by India and Chi
Page 140 and 141: BOLIVIA is a landlocked country of
Page 142 and 143: BURKINA FASO, previously Upper Volt
Page 144 and 145: CAMBODIA lies between 10° and 15°
Page 146 and 147: CAMEROON is a West African nation b
Page 148 and 149: The Republic of CHAD is a landlocke
Page 150 and 151: COLOMBIA faces both the Pacific Oce
Page 152 and 153: The Democratic Republic of the CONG
Page 154 and 155: CÔTE D’IVOIRE is centrally locat
Page 156 and 157: CUBA is the main island of the Cuba
Page 158 and 159: The DOMINICAN REPUBLIC occupies an
Page 160 and 161: ECUADOR, on the tropical Pacific co
Page 162 and 163: EGYPT, a large nation of 1 million
Page 164 and 165: FRANCE, in western Europe, consists
Page 166 and 167: The GAMBIA is a very small tropical
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The Republic of GHANA, a small (240
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GREECE, in the eastern Mediterranea
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GUINEA is a populous country (popul
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GUINEA BISSAU is a tiny (36,000 km
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GUYANA, a small country, with 215,0
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IRAN is a Middle Eastern country bo
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ITALY is the main rice-producing co
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KOREA DPR occupies the northern par
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REPUBLIC OF KOREA, occupying the so
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Lao PDR is an elongated, landlocked
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LIBERIA, whose coast is known as th
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MADAGASCAR, a large island east of
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MALAYSIA consists of a peninsula, b
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MALI, one of the larger West Africa
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MAURITANIA is a large West African
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MEXICO, at the southern end of Nort
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MOZAMBIQUE extends nearly 2,500 km
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NEPAL is a small (141,000 km 2 ) co
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NICARAGUA, a small country of 130,0
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NIGER is one of the larger Central
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NIGERIA is the most populous countr
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PAKISTAN, a South Asian country fac
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PARAGUAY, a relatively small landlo
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PERU faces the Pacific Ocean on the
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PORTUGAL, the westernmost country o
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The RUSSIAN FEDERATION in northern
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SENEGAL is a West African country f
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SIERRA LEONE, between Guinea and Li
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SPAIN, in southwestern Europe, has
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SRI LANKA, a small island at the so
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SURINAME is a small Latin American
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TANZANIA is a large country between
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TURKEY, a diverse land of 780,000 k
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The UNITED STATES, occupying the ce
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URUGUAY, a relatively small South A
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VENEZUELA forms part of the norther
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Rice-related databases Inquiries ca
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7. Name: RICE ECOSYSTEMS Location:
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22. Name: NURSERIES Location: CIAT
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37. Name: PERIO Location: WARDA Lib
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52. Name: IR64 MUTANT DATABASE Loca
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India Indonesia Japan 1 quintal = 1
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Egypt Ghana Guyana Malawi Mexico Pa
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Rice facts Freshwater resources per
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Rice facts RICE PRODUCTION Selected
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