Maclean et al. - 2002 - Rice almanac source book for the most important e

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PERU faces the Pacific Ocean on the western side of South America. Its 1.3 million km 2 area consists of desert coastal areas, with some large irrigated plantations; highlands among the Andes, where about half the population of 25.2 million (1999) lives; and eastern tropical lowlands. Three percent of the land is arable. Agriculture constitutes 13% of the GDP. General information • GNI per capita PPP$, 2000: 4,660 • Internal renewable water resources: 400 km 3 • Main food consumed: rice, sugar and honey, wheat, roots and tubers, oil and fat • Rice consumption, 1999: 50.8 kg milled rice per person per year Production constraints The following are the major constraints to sustainable rice production in Peru: • Limited water supply and low temperature; salinity in coastal zones • Competition from other high-value crops in coastal zones • Yield potential of present varieties has reached a plateau • In interior regions, lack of roads and transportation network • Blast, rice hoja blanca virus, leaf spot, sheath blight • Weed competition • Acid soil, aluminum toxicity, and drought stress in the upland system in the Selva Baja Production season Planting Harvesting Main season Jan-Feb May-Jun 210 Rice almanac
Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 600 80 60 Calorie share Protein share 500 400 Production Area Yield 300 40 200 20 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Share of calories and protein from rice, 1966-99 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2000 Indices of rice production, area, and yield, 1966-2000 The scale on this graph is not comparable with the scale on production, area, and yield graphs for most other countries. Kg/capita 500 400 300 200 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Per capita production (paddy terms), 1966-99 Percent 100 80 Exports 60 40 20 0 –20 –40 –60 Imports –80 –100 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Net trade status, 1966-99 Basic statistics, Peru 1985 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 Rice Area harvested (ha) 192,711 184,758 203,196 269,080 311,565 300,000 Yield (t/ha) 4.6 5.2 5.6 5.8 6.3 5.5 Production (t) 878,279 966,101 1,141,550 1,548,780 1,955,030 1,664,700 Rice imports (t) 22,402 239,440 196,508 256,831 149,630 na Paddy imports (t) 0 503 12,360 16,300 14 na Rice exports (t) 10,200 11,000 0 43 2,241 na Paddy exports (t) 0 0 0 2 5 n Others Population, total (×10 3 ) 19,492 21,569 23,532 24,797 25,230 na Population, agriculture (×10 3 ) 7,236 7,528 7,644 7,716 7,739 na Agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 30,856 31,040 31,174 31,270 na na Irrigated agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 1,170 1,190 1,193 1,195 na na Total fertilizer consumption (t) 74,143 125,156 163,200 190,700 na na Tractors used in agric. (no.) 12,000 12,700 13,191 13,191 na na Source: FAOSTAT online database. Rice around the world 211
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Third Edition Source Book for the M
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Contents Foreword v Acknowledgments
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Foreword The first edition of the R
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The facts of rice Production Rice f
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Transplanting is the planting of 1-
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Ecogeographic differentiation Indic
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Table 3. World rice area, yield, an
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from working on these farms. In the
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The rice plant and its ecology Morp
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Flag leaf blade Axis Spikelet (flor
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Table 1. Typical profile of a flood
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Korea 8 CHINA 8 5 6 Japan 5 PAKISTA
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growth duration (around 100 d), gre
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and high levels of exchangeable Al.
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In these environments, rice yields
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insects, spiders, and microorganism
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Predator movements between habitats
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Wolf spiders feed on a range of ins
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terraces of the northern Philippine
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precursors of vitamin A—beta-caro
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Hybrid breeding has also begun with
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UV radiation effects UV-B radiation
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year, was actually less than 19 mil
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herbicide was present, these select
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2. Water-limited production. 3. Wat
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tive mechanisms of the three intern
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Integrated Natural Resource Managem
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evaluate prototype technologies for
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eaches of river systems, in which a
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to be combined in a coherent and co
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natural resource base. To fulfill t
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objectives are to focus rice-sector
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Drying rice in southern Vietnam. sc
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Table 1. Production and consumption
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Table 3. Population growth versus r
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Table 4. Comparison of domestic ric
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Rice in Europe and the Mediterranea
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flooding the rice field to stimulat
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Rice in North America Rice in North
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Large-scale mechanized rice farmers
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Rice in Latin America and the Carib
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Experimental rice plots in Uruguay.
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Table 1. Production, consumption, a
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occur only by shifting out of other
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The top 10 rice-producing countries
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eastern, and south-central areas, w
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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The Rajasthan desert extending west
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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malnutrition among children age 2-5
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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Recent developments in the rice sec
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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in 1999 and grew at 0.9%/yr during
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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country. This is because rice has e
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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incidence of malnutrition among chi
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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consumption of cassava. Rice suppli
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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AFGHANISTAN is a landlocked country
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ARGENTINA extends down the Atlantic
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The island continent of AUSTRALIA i
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BHUTAN, surrounded by India and Chi
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BOLIVIA is a landlocked country of
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BURKINA FASO, previously Upper Volt
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CAMBODIA lies between 10° and 15°
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CAMEROON is a West African nation b
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The Republic of CHAD is a landlocke
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COLOMBIA faces both the Pacific Oce
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The Democratic Republic of the CONG
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CÔTE D’IVOIRE is centrally locat
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CUBA is the main island of the Cuba
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The DOMINICAN REPUBLIC occupies an
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ECUADOR, on the tropical Pacific co
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EGYPT, a large nation of 1 million
Page 164 and 165: FRANCE, in western Europe, consists
Page 166 and 167: The GAMBIA is a very small tropical
Page 168 and 169: The Republic of GHANA, a small (240
Page 170 and 171: GREECE, in the eastern Mediterranea
Page 172 and 173: GUINEA is a populous country (popul
Page 174 and 175: GUINEA BISSAU is a tiny (36,000 km
Page 176 and 177: GUYANA, a small country, with 215,0
Page 178 and 179: IRAN is a Middle Eastern country bo
Page 180 and 181: ITALY is the main rice-producing co
Page 182 and 183: KOREA DPR occupies the northern par
Page 184 and 185: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, occupying the so
Page 186 and 187: Lao PDR is an elongated, landlocked
Page 188 and 189: LIBERIA, whose coast is known as th
Page 190 and 191: MADAGASCAR, a large island east of
Page 192 and 193: MALAYSIA consists of a peninsula, b
Page 194 and 195: MALI, one of the larger West Africa
Page 196 and 197: MAURITANIA is a large West African
Page 198 and 199: MEXICO, at the southern end of Nort
Page 200 and 201: MOZAMBIQUE extends nearly 2,500 km
Page 202 and 203: NEPAL is a small (141,000 km 2 ) co
Page 204 and 205: NICARAGUA, a small country of 130,0
Page 206 and 207: NIGER is one of the larger Central
Page 208 and 209: NIGERIA is the most populous countr
Page 210 and 211: PAKISTAN, a South Asian country fac
Page 212 and 213: PARAGUAY, a relatively small landlo
Page 216 and 217: PORTUGAL, the westernmost country o
Page 218 and 219: The RUSSIAN FEDERATION in northern
Page 220 and 221: SENEGAL is a West African country f
Page 222 and 223: SIERRA LEONE, between Guinea and Li
Page 224 and 225: SPAIN, in southwestern Europe, has
Page 226 and 227: SRI LANKA, a small island at the so
Page 228 and 229: SURINAME is a small Latin American
Page 230 and 231: TANZANIA is a large country between
Page 232 and 233: TURKEY, a diverse land of 780,000 k
Page 234 and 235: The UNITED STATES, occupying the ce
Page 236 and 237: URUGUAY, a relatively small South A
Page 238 and 239: VENEZUELA forms part of the norther
Page 240 and 241: Rice-related databases Inquiries ca
Page 242 and 243: 7. Name: RICE ECOSYSTEMS Location:
Page 244 and 245: 22. Name: NURSERIES Location: CIAT
Page 246 and 247: 37. Name: PERIO Location: WARDA Lib
Page 248 and 249: 52. Name: IR64 MUTANT DATABASE Loca
Page 250 and 251: India Indonesia Japan 1 quintal = 1
Page 252 and 253: Egypt Ghana Guyana Malawi Mexico Pa
Page 254 and 255: Rice facts Freshwater resources per
Page 256 and 257: Rice facts RICE PRODUCTION Selected
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