Maclean et al. - 2002 - Rice almanac source book for the most important e

Indonesia
General information
• GNI per capita PPP$, 2000: 2,830
• Internal renewable water resources: 2,530
km 3
• Main food consumed: rice, oil and fat, nuts,
roots and tubers, maize
• Rice consumption, 1999: 154 kg milled rice
per person per year
Production season
Planting Harvesting
Main season, Java and Oct-Mar Feb-Jun
South Sumatra
Main season, Sulawesi May-Jun Aug-Oct
Main season, Sumatra Jul-Sep Nov-Dec
The Indonesian archipelago extends from 6°
N to 11° S latitude and from 95° to 141° E
longitude or about 2,000 km from north to
south and 5,000 km from east to west. There are
more than 13,000 islands, including five of the
world’s largest: Sumatra, Kalimantan (Indonesian
part of Borneo), Irian Jaya (western New
Guinea), Sulawesi (Celebes), and Java.
Indonesia lies within AEZ 3, characterized as
the warm humid tropics. Most of Indonesia has a
moist tropical climate, with abundant rain and
high temperatures. Annual rainfall ranges from
1,000 to more than 5,000 mm per year, with more
than 90% of the country receiving average
rainfall of more than 1,500 mm. December
through March are the months with the highest
rainfall.
Indonesia is the world’s fourth most
populous country, with about 215 million people
as of 2001. Because of rapid economic growth
and an active family planning program,
population growth has declined from 2.4% per
annum during the late 1960s and early 1970s to
1.5% recently, and the United Nations forecasts
this rate to decline to less than 1% by 2015. The
mean population density is 111/km 2 , but, on Java,
where nearly 60% of the people reside, the
population density is approximately 980/km 2 . The
share of the population in urban areas has grown
to 40%, with the remainder in rural areas. About
half of the economically active population is in
agriculture, although many of these people derive
a substantial share of their income from nonagricultural
activities. The incidence of
94 Rice almanac