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Rice facts Freshwater resources per capita (m 3 ) INFORMATION ABOUT AGRICULTURE Annual freshwater withdrawal for agriculture (%) Agriculture’s share (%) Average annual growth rate Selected riceconsuming and Arable land e Labor GDP g GDP g Agriculture Rice -producing per capita force value added production countries 1998 1996 1980-97 f 1998 1998 1990-98 1990-98 1990-2000 Asia 0.14 – – 57 – – – 1.6 h Bangladesh 0.06 19,065 96 58 22.2 4.8 1.5 2.5 Bhutan 0.07 – – 94 38.2 – – 2.0 Cambodia 0.35 47,530 94 71 50.6 5.5 2.2 6.0 China d 0.10 2,282 87 68 18.4 11.1 4.3 0.7 India 0.16 2,167 93 61 29.3 6.1 3.4 2.0 Indonesia 0.09 12,625 76 50 19.5 5.8 2.8 1.2 Japan 0.04 4,338 50 5 1.7 1.3 –2.0 –0.8 Korea, DPR 0.07 – – 32 – – – –10.1 Korea, Rep. of 0.04 1,438 46 11 4.9 6.2 2.1 –0.4 Lao PDR 0.15 55,679 82 77 52.6 6.7 4.5 4.3 Malaysia 0.09 21,046 47 20 13.2 7.7 2.0 0.5 Myanmar 0.21 24,651 90 71 53.2 6.3 5.0 3.5 Nepal 0.13 7,616 95 93 40.5 4.8 2.3 2.4 Pakistan 0.14 3,256 97 48 26.4 4.1 3.8 4.8 Philippines 0.08 4,373 61 41 16.9 3.3 1.5 1.8 Sri Lanka 0.05 2,329 96 46 21.1 5.3 1.5 0.9 Thailand 0.28 2,954 90 58 11.2 7.4 3.1 2.8 Vietnam 0.07 4,902 78 68 25.7 8.6 5.1 5.4 Latin America 0.27 27,386 77 21 7.8 3.7 2.6 2.9 Brazil 0.32 42,459 59 18 8.4 3.3 3.1 1.4 Colombia 0.05 26,722 43 22 13.5 4.2 1.6 1.1 Cuba 0.33 – – 15 – – – –0.3 Dominican Rep. 0.13 2,467 89 18 11.6 5.5 3.6 1.7 Ecuador 0.13 26,305 90 27 12.9 2.9 2.7 3.9 Guyana 0.56 – – 19 34.7 – – 12.2 Peru 0.15 1,641 72 31 7.1 5.9 5.5 8.0 Suriname 0.14 – – 20 – – – –2.3 Uruguay 0.38 37,966 91 13 8.5 3.9 4.2 11.3 Africa 0.24 – – 59 – – – 3.3 Côte d’Ivoire 0.21 5,468 67 51 26.0 3.5 2.4 6.4 Egypt 0.04 966 86 35 17.5 4.2 2.9 5.7 Guinea 0.12 32,661 87 85 22.4 5.0 4.4 5.9 Liberia 0.07 – – 69 – – – 7.1 Madagascar 0.17 23,819 99 75 30.6 1.3 1.5 0.3 Mali 0.43 9,718 97 82 46.9 3.7 3.3 9.3 Mozambique 0.17 12,989 89 81 34.3 5.7 4.8 13.5 Nigeria 0.27 2,375 54 35 31.7 2.6 2.9 1.3 Senegal 0.25 4,482 92 74 17.4 3.0 1.4 -8.2 Sierra Leone 0.11 33,698 89 63 44.2 -4.7 1.5 -0.9 Tanzania 0.12 2,842 89 81 45.7 2.9 3.7 1.6 Europe 0.40 – – 9 – – – 2.7 h France 0.31 3,029 15 4 2.3 1.5 0.4 –1.5 Italy 0.14 2,903 59 6 2.6 1.2 1.3 0.9 Spain 0.36 2,398 62 8 3.5 1.9 –2.5 6.0 Australia 2.90 18,508 33 5 3.2 3.6 1.1 4.7 USA 0.65 9,259 42 2 1.7 2.9 2.0 2.1 World 0.23 8,338 69 46 4.8 2.4 1.2 1.7 250 Rice almanac
Rice facts RICE CONSUMPTION Selected riceconsuming and Total rice consumption Rice in total (rough equivalent) Milled rice consumption Daily calorie supply calorie supply (×10 -producing 3 t) per capita (kg/cap/yr) per capita (no.) (%) countries 1990 1999 1990 1999 1990 1999 1990 1999 Asia 414,121 465,438 89 86 2,550 2,723 35 32 Bangladesh 25,946 33,946 157 168 2,082 2,201 75 76 Bhutan – – – – – – – – Cambodia 2,258 3,161 156 165 1,830 2,000 79 76 China d 162,785 172,449 93 90 2,713 3,045 35 30 India 97,480 110,421 77 74 2,292 2,417 33 30 Indonesia 40,407 48,330 148 154 2,624 2,931 55 52 Japan 11,946 11,388 64 60 2,822 2,782 24 23 Korea, DPR 2,256 2,499 75 75 2,529 2,100 31 35 Korea, Rep. of 6,674 6,554 104 94 3,037 3,073 37 33 Lao PDR 1,060 1,325 171 171 2,159 2,152 70 70 Malaysia 2,289 2,888 86 88 2,758 2,946 30 29 Myanmar 12,760 14,875 210 211 2,620 2,803 78 73 Nepal 2,987 3,151 110 93 2,481 2,264 41 38 Pakistan 3,433 3,018 21 15 2,412 2,462 9 6 Philippines 9,160 11,088 100 100 2,364 2,357 41 41 Sri Lanka 2,486 2,789 97 99 2,203 2,328 43 38 Thailand 8,937 9,373 109 101 2,142 2,411 51 42 Vietnam 15,382 19,692 155 169 2,219 2,564 71 65 Latin America 17,000 20,098 26 26 2,683 2,847 10 9 Brazil 9,158 10,154 41 40 2,755 3,012 15 14 Colombia 1,641 1,818 31 29 2,419 2,567 13 12 Cuba 754 773 47 46 3,076 2,490 15 18 Dominican Rep 515 530 49 43 2,225 2,333 21 18 Ecuador 648 940 42 51 2,498 2,679 17 18 Guyana 101 97 93 85 2,342 2,569 34 31 Peru 1,333 1,920 41 51 1,946 2,621 22 19 Suriname 54 48 90 78 2,449 2,604 34 28 Uruguay 48 60 10 12 2,534 2,862 4 4 Africa 15,144 20,752 16 18 2,337 2,411 7 7 Côte d’Ivoire 970 1,748 51 74 2,395 2,582 20 26 Egypt 2,682 4,061 32 41 3,176 3,323 11 13 Guinea 582 747 63 62 1,988 2,133 32 30 Liberia 290 223 90 55 2,100 2,089 44 27 Madagascar 1,782 2,116 99 91 2,139 1,994 47 46 Mali 325 806 25 49 2,313 2,314 11 21 Mozambique 188 202 9 8 1,840 1,939 5 4 Nigeria 2,962 3,876 23 23 2,376 2,833 10 8 Senegal 735 980 67 71 2,316 2,307 28 30 Sierra Leone 606 635 100 99 1,986 2,016 49 48 Tanzania 714 736 18 14 2,144 1,940 8 7 Europe 2,820 4,772 4 4 3,381 3,236 1 1 France 306 413 4 5 3,505 3,575 1 1 Italy 415 511 5 6 3,591 3,629 1 2 Spain 400 452 7 8 3,248 3,353 2 2 Australia 170 224 7 8 3,218 3,150 2 2 USA 2,595 3,778 7 9 3,487 3,754 2 3 World 454,796 515,851 58 58 2,711 2,808 21 21 Rice facts 251
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Third Edition Source Book for the M
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Contents Foreword v Acknowledgments
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Foreword The first edition of the R
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The facts of rice Production Rice f
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Transplanting is the planting of 1-
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Ecogeographic differentiation Indic
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Table 3. World rice area, yield, an
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from working on these farms. In the
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The rice plant and its ecology Morp
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Flag leaf blade Axis Spikelet (flor
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Table 1. Typical profile of a flood
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Korea 8 CHINA 8 5 6 Japan 5 PAKISTA
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growth duration (around 100 d), gre
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and high levels of exchangeable Al.
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In these environments, rice yields
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insects, spiders, and microorganism
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Predator movements between habitats
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Wolf spiders feed on a range of ins
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terraces of the northern Philippine
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precursors of vitamin A—beta-caro
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Hybrid breeding has also begun with
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UV radiation effects UV-B radiation
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year, was actually less than 19 mil
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herbicide was present, these select
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2. Water-limited production. 3. Wat
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tive mechanisms of the three intern
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Integrated Natural Resource Managem
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evaluate prototype technologies for
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eaches of river systems, in which a
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to be combined in a coherent and co
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natural resource base. To fulfill t
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objectives are to focus rice-sector
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Drying rice in southern Vietnam. sc
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Table 1. Production and consumption
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Table 3. Population growth versus r
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Table 4. Comparison of domestic ric
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Rice in Europe and the Mediterranea
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flooding the rice field to stimulat
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Rice in North America Rice in North
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Large-scale mechanized rice farmers
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Rice in Latin America and the Carib
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Experimental rice plots in Uruguay.
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Table 1. Production, consumption, a
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occur only by shifting out of other
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The top 10 rice-producing countries
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eastern, and south-central areas, w
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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The Rajasthan desert extending west
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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malnutrition among children age 2-5
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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Recent developments in the rice sec
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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in 1999 and grew at 0.9%/yr during
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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country. This is because rice has e
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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incidence of malnutrition among chi
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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consumption of cassava. Rice suppli
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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AFGHANISTAN is a landlocked country
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ARGENTINA extends down the Atlantic
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The island continent of AUSTRALIA i
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BHUTAN, surrounded by India and Chi
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BOLIVIA is a landlocked country of
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BURKINA FASO, previously Upper Volt
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CAMBODIA lies between 10° and 15°
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CAMEROON is a West African nation b
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The Republic of CHAD is a landlocke
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COLOMBIA faces both the Pacific Oce
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The Democratic Republic of the CONG
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CÔTE D’IVOIRE is centrally locat
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CUBA is the main island of the Cuba
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The DOMINICAN REPUBLIC occupies an
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ECUADOR, on the tropical Pacific co
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EGYPT, a large nation of 1 million
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FRANCE, in western Europe, consists
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The GAMBIA is a very small tropical
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The Republic of GHANA, a small (240
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GREECE, in the eastern Mediterranea
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GUINEA is a populous country (popul
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GUINEA BISSAU is a tiny (36,000 km
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GUYANA, a small country, with 215,0
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IRAN is a Middle Eastern country bo
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ITALY is the main rice-producing co
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KOREA DPR occupies the northern par
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REPUBLIC OF KOREA, occupying the so
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Lao PDR is an elongated, landlocked
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LIBERIA, whose coast is known as th
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MADAGASCAR, a large island east of
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MALAYSIA consists of a peninsula, b
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MALI, one of the larger West Africa
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MAURITANIA is a large West African
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MEXICO, at the southern end of Nort
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MOZAMBIQUE extends nearly 2,500 km
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NEPAL is a small (141,000 km 2 ) co
Page 204 and 205: NICARAGUA, a small country of 130,0
Page 206 and 207: NIGER is one of the larger Central
Page 208 and 209: NIGERIA is the most populous countr
Page 210 and 211: PAKISTAN, a South Asian country fac
Page 212 and 213: PARAGUAY, a relatively small landlo
Page 214 and 215: PERU faces the Pacific Ocean on the
Page 216 and 217: PORTUGAL, the westernmost country o
Page 218 and 219: The RUSSIAN FEDERATION in northern
Page 220 and 221: SENEGAL is a West African country f
Page 222 and 223: SIERRA LEONE, between Guinea and Li
Page 224 and 225: SPAIN, in southwestern Europe, has
Page 226 and 227: SRI LANKA, a small island at the so
Page 228 and 229: SURINAME is a small Latin American
Page 230 and 231: TANZANIA is a large country between
Page 232 and 233: TURKEY, a diverse land of 780,000 k
Page 234 and 235: The UNITED STATES, occupying the ce
Page 236 and 237: URUGUAY, a relatively small South A
Page 238 and 239: VENEZUELA forms part of the norther
Page 240 and 241: Rice-related databases Inquiries ca
Page 242 and 243: 7. Name: RICE ECOSYSTEMS Location:
Page 244 and 245: 22. Name: NURSERIES Location: CIAT
Page 246 and 247: 37. Name: PERIO Location: WARDA Lib
Page 248 and 249: 52. Name: IR64 MUTANT DATABASE Loca
Page 250 and 251: India Indonesia Japan 1 quintal = 1
Page 252 and 253: Egypt Ghana Guyana Malawi Mexico Pa
Page 256 and 257: Rice facts RICE PRODUCTION Selected
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