Maclean et al. - 2002 - Rice almanac source book for the most important e

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The Democratic Republic of the CONGO, formerly Zaire, is a large central African country with a narrow corridor of land to the Atlantic Ocean. Its population was 50.3 million in 1999. The center and the northern parts of the country are covered in rainforest (but which is rapidly disappearing) and are sparsely populated, mainly by subsistence farmers. In the south are extensive grasslands where the bulk of agriculture is carried out. Agriculture constituted 58% of GDP in 1997, occupying some 68% of the workforce. General information • GNI per capita PPP$, 2000: 570 • Internal renewable water resources: 935 km 3 • Incoming water flow: 84 km 3 • Main food consumed: roots and tubers, maize, oil and fat, fruits, nuts • Rice consumption, 1999: 16.5 kg milled rice per person per year Production constraints National yield is among the lowest in the world. There are several constraints to sustainable rice production in Congo DR: • Drought stress, low soil fertility, and erosion of soil and soil fertility in upland areas, which are the dominant rice ecosystem • Blast and weed competition • Inadequate and irregular input supplies: seeds, fertilizer, and credit • Lack of small farm equipment, especially for postharvest operations • Lack of effective farmers’ organizations and cooperatives • Poor maintenance of irrigation facilities • Lack of a well-defined rice policy • Poor road networks and marketing systems • Limited irrigation facilities and their poor maintenance • Weak research and extension support • Recent deterioration of the security situation Production season Planting Harvesting Main season, north Jan-Mar Jun-Jul Main season, south Sep-Oct Feb-Mar 148 Rice almanac
Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 600 80 60 Calorie share Protein share 500 400 Production Area Yield 300 40 200 20 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Share of calories and protein from rice, 1966-99 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2000 Indices of rice production, area, and yield, 1966-2000 The scale on this graph is not comparable with the scale on production, area, and yield graphs for most other countries. Kg/capita 500 400 300 200 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Per capita production (paddy terms), 1966-99 Percent 100 80 Exports 60 40 20 0 –20 –40 –60 Imports –80 –100 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Net trade status, 1966-99 Basic statistics, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1985 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 Rice Area harvested (ha) 389,030 487,190 590,850 480,340 463,576 447,417 Yield (t/ha) 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Production (t) 312,000 392,300 441,000 362,657 350,000 337,800 Rice imports (t) 40,000 85,000 70,741 55,776 55,776 na Paddy imports (t) 0 0 0 192 192 na Others Population, total (×10 3 ) 31,669 37,363 45,421 49,139 50,335 na Population, agriculture (×10 3 ) 22,078 25,330 29,770 31,528 32,062 na Agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 22,800 22,860 22,900 22,880 na na Irrigated agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 9 10 11 11 na na Total fertilizer consumption (t) 6,800 6,200 9,000 0 na na Tractors used in agric. (no.) 2,250 2,400 2,430 2,430 na na Source: FAOSTAT online database. Rice around the world 149
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Third Edition Source Book for the M
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Contents Foreword v Acknowledgments
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Foreword The first edition of the R
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The facts of rice Production Rice f
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Transplanting is the planting of 1-
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Ecogeographic differentiation Indic
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Table 3. World rice area, yield, an
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from working on these farms. In the
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The rice plant and its ecology Morp
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Flag leaf blade Axis Spikelet (flor
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Table 1. Typical profile of a flood
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Korea 8 CHINA 8 5 6 Japan 5 PAKISTA
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growth duration (around 100 d), gre
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and high levels of exchangeable Al.
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In these environments, rice yields
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insects, spiders, and microorganism
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Predator movements between habitats
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Wolf spiders feed on a range of ins
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terraces of the northern Philippine
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precursors of vitamin A—beta-caro
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Hybrid breeding has also begun with
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UV radiation effects UV-B radiation
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year, was actually less than 19 mil
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herbicide was present, these select
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2. Water-limited production. 3. Wat
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tive mechanisms of the three intern
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Integrated Natural Resource Managem
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evaluate prototype technologies for
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eaches of river systems, in which a
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to be combined in a coherent and co
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natural resource base. To fulfill t
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objectives are to focus rice-sector
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Drying rice in southern Vietnam. sc
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Table 1. Production and consumption
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Table 3. Population growth versus r
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Table 4. Comparison of domestic ric
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Rice in Europe and the Mediterranea
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flooding the rice field to stimulat
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Rice in North America Rice in North
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Large-scale mechanized rice farmers
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Rice in Latin America and the Carib
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Experimental rice plots in Uruguay.
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Table 1. Production, consumption, a
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occur only by shifting out of other
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The top 10 rice-producing countries
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eastern, and south-central areas, w
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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The Rajasthan desert extending west
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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malnutrition among children age 2-5
Page 102 and 103: Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
Page 104 and 105: Recent developments in the rice sec
Page 112 and 113: in 1999 and grew at 0.9%/yr during
Page 120 and 121: country. This is because rice has e
Page 124 and 125: incidence of malnutrition among chi
Page 128 and 129: consumption of cassava. Rice suppli
Page 132 and 133: AFGHANISTAN is a landlocked country
Page 134 and 135: ARGENTINA extends down the Atlantic
Page 136 and 137: The island continent of AUSTRALIA i
Page 138 and 139: BHUTAN, surrounded by India and Chi
Page 140 and 141: BOLIVIA is a landlocked country of
Page 142 and 143: BURKINA FASO, previously Upper Volt
Page 144 and 145: CAMBODIA lies between 10° and 15°
Page 146 and 147: CAMEROON is a West African nation b
Page 148 and 149: The Republic of CHAD is a landlocke
Page 150 and 151: COLOMBIA faces both the Pacific Oce
Page 154 and 155: CÔTE D’IVOIRE is centrally locat
Page 156 and 157: CUBA is the main island of the Cuba
Page 158 and 159: The DOMINICAN REPUBLIC occupies an
Page 160 and 161: ECUADOR, on the tropical Pacific co
Page 162 and 163: EGYPT, a large nation of 1 million
Page 164 and 165: FRANCE, in western Europe, consists
Page 166 and 167: The GAMBIA is a very small tropical
Page 168 and 169: The Republic of GHANA, a small (240
Page 170 and 171: GREECE, in the eastern Mediterranea
Page 172 and 173: GUINEA is a populous country (popul
Page 174 and 175: GUINEA BISSAU is a tiny (36,000 km
Page 176 and 177: GUYANA, a small country, with 215,0
Page 178 and 179: IRAN is a Middle Eastern country bo
Page 180 and 181: ITALY is the main rice-producing co
Page 182 and 183: KOREA DPR occupies the northern par
Page 184 and 185: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, occupying the so
Page 186 and 187: Lao PDR is an elongated, landlocked
Page 188 and 189: LIBERIA, whose coast is known as th
Page 190 and 191: MADAGASCAR, a large island east of
Page 192 and 193: MALAYSIA consists of a peninsula, b
Page 194 and 195: MALI, one of the larger West Africa
Page 196 and 197: MAURITANIA is a large West African
Page 198 and 199: MEXICO, at the southern end of Nort
Page 200 and 201: MOZAMBIQUE extends nearly 2,500 km
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NEPAL is a small (141,000 km 2 ) co
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NICARAGUA, a small country of 130,0
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NIGER is one of the larger Central
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NIGERIA is the most populous countr
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PAKISTAN, a South Asian country fac
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PARAGUAY, a relatively small landlo
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PERU faces the Pacific Ocean on the
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PORTUGAL, the westernmost country o
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The RUSSIAN FEDERATION in northern
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SENEGAL is a West African country f
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SIERRA LEONE, between Guinea and Li
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SPAIN, in southwestern Europe, has
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SRI LANKA, a small island at the so
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SURINAME is a small Latin American
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TANZANIA is a large country between
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TURKEY, a diverse land of 780,000 k
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The UNITED STATES, occupying the ce
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URUGUAY, a relatively small South A
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VENEZUELA forms part of the norther
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Rice-related databases Inquiries ca
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7. Name: RICE ECOSYSTEMS Location:
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22. Name: NURSERIES Location: CIAT
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37. Name: PERIO Location: WARDA Lib
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52. Name: IR64 MUTANT DATABASE Loca
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India Indonesia Japan 1 quintal = 1
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Egypt Ghana Guyana Malawi Mexico Pa
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Rice facts Freshwater resources per
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Rice facts RICE PRODUCTION Selected
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