Maclean et al. - 2002 - Rice almanac source book for the most important e

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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500 80 Calorie share Protein share 400 Production Area Yield 60 300 40 200 20 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Share of calories and protein from rice, 1966-99 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2000 Indices of rice production, area, and yield, 1966-2000 Kg/capita 500 400 300 200 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Per capita production (paddy terms), 1966-99 Percent 100 80 Exports 60 40 20 0 –20 –40 –60 Imports –80 –100 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Net trade status, 1966-99 Basic statistics, India 1985 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 Rice Area harvested (ha) 41,137,200 42,686,608 42,800,000 44,598,000 44,607,000 44,600,000 Yield (t/ha) 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 Production (t) 95,817,696 111,517,408 115,440,000 128,928,000 132,300,000 134,150,000 Rice imports (t) 61,100 66,038 526,635 50,094 na Paddy imports (t) 0 0 80 3 3 na Rice exports (t) 315,070 505,027 4,913,156 4,962,941 2,571,000 na Paddy exports (t) 1,020 7 2,444 1,878 0 na Others Population, total (×10 3 ) 767,842 850,785 933,665 982,223 998,056 1,014,000 Population, agriculture (×10 3) 10,475,832 506,548 534,245 548,794 553,227 na Agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 180,949 181,040 180,780 180,600 na na Irrigated agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 41,779 45,144 53,000 59,000 na na Total fertilizer consumption (t) 8,504,300 12,584,000 13,876,100 16,797,500 na na Tractors used in agric. (no.) 607,773 988,070 1,354,864 1,550,000 na na Source: FAOSTAT online database. Rice around the world 93
Indonesia General information • GNI per capita PPP$, 2000: 2,830 • Internal renewable water resources: 2,530 km 3 • Main food consumed: rice, oil and fat, nuts, roots and tubers, maize • Rice consumption, 1999: 154 kg milled rice per person per year Production season Planting Harvesting Main season, Java and Oct-Mar Feb-Jun South Sumatra Main season, Sulawesi May-Jun Aug-Oct Main season, Sumatra Jul-Sep Nov-Dec The Indonesian archipelago extends from 6° N to 11° S latitude and from 95° to 141° E longitude or about 2,000 km from north to south and 5,000 km from east to west. There are more than 13,000 islands, including five of the world’s largest: Sumatra, Kalimantan (Indonesian part of Borneo), Irian Jaya (western New Guinea), Sulawesi (Celebes), and Java. Indonesia lies within AEZ 3, characterized as the warm humid tropics. Most of Indonesia has a moist tropical climate, with abundant rain and high temperatures. Annual rainfall ranges from 1,000 to more than 5,000 mm per year, with more than 90% of the country receiving average rainfall of more than 1,500 mm. December through March are the months with the highest rainfall. Indonesia is the world’s fourth most populous country, with about 215 million people as of 2001. Because of rapid economic growth and an active family planning program, population growth has declined from 2.4% per annum during the late 1960s and early 1970s to 1.5% recently, and the United Nations forecasts this rate to decline to less than 1% by 2015. The mean population density is 111/km 2 , but, on Java, where nearly 60% of the people reside, the population density is approximately 980/km 2 . The share of the population in urban areas has grown to 40%, with the remainder in rural areas. About half of the economically active population is in agriculture, although many of these people derive a substantial share of their income from nonagricultural activities. The incidence of 94 Rice almanac
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Third Edition Source Book for the M
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Contents Foreword v Acknowledgments
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Foreword The first edition of the R
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The facts of rice Production Rice f
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Transplanting is the planting of 1-
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Ecogeographic differentiation Indic
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Table 3. World rice area, yield, an
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from working on these farms. In the
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The rice plant and its ecology Morp
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Flag leaf blade Axis Spikelet (flor
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Table 1. Typical profile of a flood
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Korea 8 CHINA 8 5 6 Japan 5 PAKISTA
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growth duration (around 100 d), gre
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and high levels of exchangeable Al.
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In these environments, rice yields
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insects, spiders, and microorganism
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Predator movements between habitats
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Wolf spiders feed on a range of ins
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terraces of the northern Philippine
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precursors of vitamin A—beta-caro
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Hybrid breeding has also begun with
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UV radiation effects UV-B radiation
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year, was actually less than 19 mil
Page 48 and 49: herbicide was present, these select
Page 50 and 51: 2. Water-limited production. 3. Wat
Page 52 and 53: tive mechanisms of the three intern
Page 54 and 55: Integrated Natural Resource Managem
Page 56 and 57: evaluate prototype technologies for
Page 58 and 59: eaches of river systems, in which a
Page 60 and 61: to be combined in a coherent and co
Page 62 and 63: natural resource base. To fulfill t
Page 64 and 65: objectives are to focus rice-sector
Page 66 and 67: Drying rice in southern Vietnam. sc
Page 68 and 69: Table 1. Production and consumption
Page 70 and 71: Table 3. Population growth versus r
Page 72 and 73: Table 4. Comparison of domestic ric
Page 74 and 75: Rice in Europe and the Mediterranea
Page 76 and 77: flooding the rice field to stimulat
Page 78 and 79: Rice in North America Rice in North
Page 80 and 81: Large-scale mechanized rice farmers
Page 82 and 83: Rice in Latin America and the Carib
Page 84 and 85: Experimental rice plots in Uruguay.
Page 86 and 87: Table 1. Production, consumption, a
Page 88 and 89: occur only by shifting out of other
Page 90 and 91: The top 10 rice-producing countries
Page 92 and 93: eastern, and south-central areas, w
Page 94 and 95: Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
Page 96 and 97: The Rajasthan desert extending west
Page 100 and 101: malnutrition among children age 2-5
Page 104 and 105: Recent developments in the rice sec
Page 112 and 113: in 1999 and grew at 0.9%/yr during
Page 120 and 121: country. This is because rice has e
Page 124 and 125: incidence of malnutrition among chi
Page 128 and 129: consumption of cassava. Rice suppli
Page 132 and 133: AFGHANISTAN is a landlocked country
Page 134 and 135: ARGENTINA extends down the Atlantic
Page 136 and 137: The island continent of AUSTRALIA i
Page 138 and 139: BHUTAN, surrounded by India and Chi
Page 140 and 141: BOLIVIA is a landlocked country of
Page 142 and 143: BURKINA FASO, previously Upper Volt
Page 144 and 145: CAMBODIA lies between 10° and 15°
Page 146 and 147: CAMEROON is a West African nation b
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The Republic of CHAD is a landlocke
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COLOMBIA faces both the Pacific Oce
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The Democratic Republic of the CONG
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CÔTE D’IVOIRE is centrally locat
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CUBA is the main island of the Cuba
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The DOMINICAN REPUBLIC occupies an
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ECUADOR, on the tropical Pacific co
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EGYPT, a large nation of 1 million
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FRANCE, in western Europe, consists
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The GAMBIA is a very small tropical
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The Republic of GHANA, a small (240
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GREECE, in the eastern Mediterranea
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GUINEA is a populous country (popul
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GUINEA BISSAU is a tiny (36,000 km
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GUYANA, a small country, with 215,0
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IRAN is a Middle Eastern country bo
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ITALY is the main rice-producing co
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KOREA DPR occupies the northern par
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REPUBLIC OF KOREA, occupying the so
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Lao PDR is an elongated, landlocked
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LIBERIA, whose coast is known as th
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MADAGASCAR, a large island east of
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MALAYSIA consists of a peninsula, b
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MALI, one of the larger West Africa
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MAURITANIA is a large West African
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MEXICO, at the southern end of Nort
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MOZAMBIQUE extends nearly 2,500 km
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NEPAL is a small (141,000 km 2 ) co
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NICARAGUA, a small country of 130,0
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NIGER is one of the larger Central
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NIGERIA is the most populous countr
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PAKISTAN, a South Asian country fac
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PARAGUAY, a relatively small landlo
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PERU faces the Pacific Ocean on the
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PORTUGAL, the westernmost country o
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The RUSSIAN FEDERATION in northern
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SENEGAL is a West African country f
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SIERRA LEONE, between Guinea and Li
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SPAIN, in southwestern Europe, has
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SRI LANKA, a small island at the so
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SURINAME is a small Latin American
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TANZANIA is a large country between
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TURKEY, a diverse land of 780,000 k
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The UNITED STATES, occupying the ce
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URUGUAY, a relatively small South A
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VENEZUELA forms part of the norther
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Rice-related databases Inquiries ca
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7. Name: RICE ECOSYSTEMS Location:
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22. Name: NURSERIES Location: CIAT
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37. Name: PERIO Location: WARDA Lib
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52. Name: IR64 MUTANT DATABASE Loca
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India Indonesia Japan 1 quintal = 1
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Egypt Ghana Guyana Malawi Mexico Pa
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Rice facts Freshwater resources per
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Rice facts RICE PRODUCTION Selected
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