Maclean et al. - 2002 - Rice almanac source book for the most important e

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COLOMBIA faces both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. It is located between 4° S and 12° N latitude and 68° and 78° W longitude. Colombia spans four AEZs: AEZ 1, warm arid and semiarid tropics; AEZ 2, warm subhumid tropics; AEZ 3, warm humid tropics; and AEZ 4, cool tropics. The climate in the coastal lands is tropical with high rainfall; the Pacific coast represents one of the most humid regions in the world. The highlands, where major cities are located, have a rather temperate climate. The population in 1999 was 41.6 million, 72% of whom live in urban areas. Employment follows the same trend as population distribution, with 70% of the labor force being urban. The major sources of employment are agriculture (30%) and manufacturing (13%). Agriculture contributed 19% to GDP in 1999. General information • GNI per capita PPP$, 2000: 6,060 • Internal renewable water resources: 1,070 km 3 • Main food consumed: sugar and honey, rice, maize, oil and fat, meat • Rice consumption, 1999: 29.3 kg milled rice per person per year Production constraints There are several constraints to sustainable rice production in Colombia: • High production costs and shrinking local market because of a reduction in national consumption • Blast, rice hoja blanca virus, crinkling or entorchamiento virus, Rhynchosporium, Helminthosporium • Weed and red rice competition • Infertile and aluminum-toxic soil in upland rice areas of eastern plains • Yield potential of irrigated rice varieties has reached a plateau Production season Planting Harvesting Summer season Mar-Apr Jul-Aug Winter season Aug-Oct Jan-Mar 146 Rice almanac
Percent 100 80 60 Calorie share Protein share Index (1966 = 100) 500 400 300 Production Area Yield 40 200 20 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Share of calories and protein from rice, 1966-99 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2000 Indices of rice production, area, and yield, 1966-2000 Kg/capita 500 400 300 200 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Per capita production (paddy terms), 1966-99 Percent 100 80 Exports 60 40 20 0 –20 –40 –60 Imports –80 –100 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Net trade status, 1966-99 Basic statistics, Colombia 1985 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 Rice Area harvested (ha) 370,600 521,100 406,761 402,781 431,189 440,000 Yield (t/ha) 4.7 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.8 4.8 Production (t) 1,741,600 2,116,600 1,742,547 1,897,740 2,059,374 2,100,000 Rice imports (t) 70 90 122,548 292,744 37,011 na Paddy imports (t) 0 0 1,513 308,735 0 na Rice exports (t) na na na 346 15 na Paddy exports (t) 160 635 82 83 23 na Others Population, total (×10 3 ) 31,659 34,970 38,542 40,803 41,564 na Population, agriculture (×10 3 ) 10,354 9,314 9,126 9,004 8,958 na Agricultural area (×10 3 ha) na na na na na na Irrigated agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 465 650 820 850 na na Total fertilizer consumption (t) 364,300 602,500 486,200 627,000 na na Tractors used in agric. (no.) 33,450 32,000 23,000 21,000 na na Source: FAOSTAT online database. Rice around the world 147
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Third Edition Source Book for the M
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Contents Foreword v Acknowledgments
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Foreword The first edition of the R
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The facts of rice Production Rice f
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Transplanting is the planting of 1-
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Ecogeographic differentiation Indic
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Table 3. World rice area, yield, an
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from working on these farms. In the
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The rice plant and its ecology Morp
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Flag leaf blade Axis Spikelet (flor
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Table 1. Typical profile of a flood
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Korea 8 CHINA 8 5 6 Japan 5 PAKISTA
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growth duration (around 100 d), gre
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and high levels of exchangeable Al.
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In these environments, rice yields
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insects, spiders, and microorganism
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Predator movements between habitats
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Wolf spiders feed on a range of ins
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terraces of the northern Philippine
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precursors of vitamin A—beta-caro
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Hybrid breeding has also begun with
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UV radiation effects UV-B radiation
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year, was actually less than 19 mil
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herbicide was present, these select
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2. Water-limited production. 3. Wat
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tive mechanisms of the three intern
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Integrated Natural Resource Managem
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evaluate prototype technologies for
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eaches of river systems, in which a
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to be combined in a coherent and co
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natural resource base. To fulfill t
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objectives are to focus rice-sector
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Drying rice in southern Vietnam. sc
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Table 1. Production and consumption
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Table 3. Population growth versus r
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Table 4. Comparison of domestic ric
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Rice in Europe and the Mediterranea
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flooding the rice field to stimulat
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Rice in North America Rice in North
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Large-scale mechanized rice farmers
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Rice in Latin America and the Carib
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Experimental rice plots in Uruguay.
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Table 1. Production, consumption, a
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occur only by shifting out of other
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The top 10 rice-producing countries
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eastern, and south-central areas, w
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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The Rajasthan desert extending west
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
Page 100 and 101: malnutrition among children age 2-5
Page 102 and 103: Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
Page 104 and 105: Recent developments in the rice sec
Page 112 and 113: in 1999 and grew at 0.9%/yr during
Page 120 and 121: country. This is because rice has e
Page 124 and 125: incidence of malnutrition among chi
Page 128 and 129: consumption of cassava. Rice suppli
Page 132 and 133: AFGHANISTAN is a landlocked country
Page 134 and 135: ARGENTINA extends down the Atlantic
Page 136 and 137: The island continent of AUSTRALIA i
Page 138 and 139: BHUTAN, surrounded by India and Chi
Page 140 and 141: BOLIVIA is a landlocked country of
Page 142 and 143: BURKINA FASO, previously Upper Volt
Page 144 and 145: CAMBODIA lies between 10° and 15°
Page 146 and 147: CAMEROON is a West African nation b
Page 148 and 149: The Republic of CHAD is a landlocke
Page 152 and 153: The Democratic Republic of the CONG
Page 154 and 155: CÔTE D’IVOIRE is centrally locat
Page 156 and 157: CUBA is the main island of the Cuba
Page 158 and 159: The DOMINICAN REPUBLIC occupies an
Page 160 and 161: ECUADOR, on the tropical Pacific co
Page 162 and 163: EGYPT, a large nation of 1 million
Page 164 and 165: FRANCE, in western Europe, consists
Page 166 and 167: The GAMBIA is a very small tropical
Page 168 and 169: The Republic of GHANA, a small (240
Page 170 and 171: GREECE, in the eastern Mediterranea
Page 172 and 173: GUINEA is a populous country (popul
Page 174 and 175: GUINEA BISSAU is a tiny (36,000 km
Page 176 and 177: GUYANA, a small country, with 215,0
Page 178 and 179: IRAN is a Middle Eastern country bo
Page 180 and 181: ITALY is the main rice-producing co
Page 182 and 183: KOREA DPR occupies the northern par
Page 184 and 185: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, occupying the so
Page 186 and 187: Lao PDR is an elongated, landlocked
Page 188 and 189: LIBERIA, whose coast is known as th
Page 190 and 191: MADAGASCAR, a large island east of
Page 192 and 193: MALAYSIA consists of a peninsula, b
Page 194 and 195: MALI, one of the larger West Africa
Page 196 and 197: MAURITANIA is a large West African
Page 198 and 199: MEXICO, at the southern end of Nort
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MOZAMBIQUE extends nearly 2,500 km
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NEPAL is a small (141,000 km 2 ) co
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NICARAGUA, a small country of 130,0
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NIGER is one of the larger Central
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NIGERIA is the most populous countr
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PAKISTAN, a South Asian country fac
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PARAGUAY, a relatively small landlo
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PERU faces the Pacific Ocean on the
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PORTUGAL, the westernmost country o
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The RUSSIAN FEDERATION in northern
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SENEGAL is a West African country f
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SIERRA LEONE, between Guinea and Li
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SPAIN, in southwestern Europe, has
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SRI LANKA, a small island at the so
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SURINAME is a small Latin American
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TANZANIA is a large country between
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TURKEY, a diverse land of 780,000 k
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The UNITED STATES, occupying the ce
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URUGUAY, a relatively small South A
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VENEZUELA forms part of the norther
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Rice-related databases Inquiries ca
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7. Name: RICE ECOSYSTEMS Location:
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22. Name: NURSERIES Location: CIAT
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37. Name: PERIO Location: WARDA Lib
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52. Name: IR64 MUTANT DATABASE Loca
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India Indonesia Japan 1 quintal = 1
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Egypt Ghana Guyana Malawi Mexico Pa
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Rice facts Freshwater resources per
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Rice facts RICE PRODUCTION Selected
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