Maclean et al. - 2002 - Rice almanac source book for the most important e

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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500 80 Calorie share Protein share 400 Production Area Yield 60 300 40 200 20 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Share of calories and protein from rice, 1966-99 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2000 Indices of rice production, area, and yield, 1966-2000 Kg/capita 500 400 300 200 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Per capita production (paddy terms), 1966-99 Percent 100 80 Exports 60 40 20 0 –20 –40 –60 Imports –80 –100 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Net trade status, 1966-99 Basic statistics, Philippines 1985 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 Rice Area harvested (ha) 3,402,610 3,318,720 3,758,700 3,170,042 3,999,839 4,037,085 Yield (t/ha) 2.6 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.1 Production (t) 8,805,600 9,885,000 10,540,640 8,554,000 11,786,600 12,415,043 Rice imports (t) 538,150 592,727 263,275 2,414,000 834,379 na Paddy imports (t) 0 0 0 0 1 na Rice exports (t) 58 2 0 44 294 na Paddy exports (t) 0 0 0 0 1 na Others Population, total (×10 3 ) 54,668 60,687 68,354 72,944 74,454 na Population, agriculture (×10 3 ) 26,655 27,687 28,969 29,577 29,748 na Agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 10,910 11,140 11,180 11,280 na na Irrigated agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 1,440 1,550 1,550 1,550 na na Total fertilizer consumption (t) 283,181 588,087 598,267 627,930 na na Tractors used in agric. (no.) 8,050 10,700 11,500 11,500 na na Source: FAOSTAT online database. Rice around the world 121
Brazil General information • GNI per capita PPP$, 2000: 7,300 • Internal renewable water resources: 5,190 km 3 • Incoming water flow: 1,760 km 3 • Main food consumed: sugar and honey, oil and fat, rice, wheat, meat • Rice consumption, 1999: 40.3 kg milled rice per person per year Production season Planting Harvesting South, main season Oct-Nov Mar-Apr Northeast, main season Mar-May Aug-Nov North, main season Nov-Dec Apr-Jun Brazil extends from 5° N latitude at its frontier with Guyana and Venezuela to as far south as 33° S latitude in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The longitude limits are from 30° to 74° W. The country lies within several AEZs: AEZ 1, warm arid and semiarid tropics; AEZ 2, warm subhumid tropics; AEZ 3, warm humid tropics; AEZ 4, cool tropics; and AEZ 8, cool subtropics with summer rainfall. The climate varies from tropical to subtropical, the latter mainly along the southern coast. Brazil is considered an upper middle income economy. Its per capita gross national income in 2000 was about US$7,320 in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms (PPP adjusts income measures for local price levels), slightly more than one fifth of the level in the U.S. More than 40% of the population in 1995 was below a poverty line of $2 a day (again in PPP terms). Brazil’s population in 1999 was 168 million, making it the fifth most populous country in the world. The current population growth rate is about 1.3% annually, compared with 3% in the early 1960s. Urbanization has proceeded rapidly in the past 40 years, and less than 20% of the people now live in rural areas. Most of these people are employed in agriculture, which accounts for 17% of the economically active population today vis-à-vis 54% in 1961. The agricultural sector contributed 8% of GDP in 1998. Recent developments in the rice sector Rice per capita consumption in Brazil was 40.3 kg in 1999, which is slightly less than per capita 122 Rice almanac
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Third Edition Source Book for the M
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Contents Foreword v Acknowledgments
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Foreword The first edition of the R
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The facts of rice Production Rice f
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Transplanting is the planting of 1-
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Ecogeographic differentiation Indic
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Table 3. World rice area, yield, an
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from working on these farms. In the
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The rice plant and its ecology Morp
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Flag leaf blade Axis Spikelet (flor
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Table 1. Typical profile of a flood
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Korea 8 CHINA 8 5 6 Japan 5 PAKISTA
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growth duration (around 100 d), gre
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and high levels of exchangeable Al.
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In these environments, rice yields
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insects, spiders, and microorganism
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Predator movements between habitats
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Wolf spiders feed on a range of ins
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terraces of the northern Philippine
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precursors of vitamin A—beta-caro
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Hybrid breeding has also begun with
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UV radiation effects UV-B radiation
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year, was actually less than 19 mil
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herbicide was present, these select
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2. Water-limited production. 3. Wat
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tive mechanisms of the three intern
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Integrated Natural Resource Managem
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evaluate prototype technologies for
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eaches of river systems, in which a
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to be combined in a coherent and co
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natural resource base. To fulfill t
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objectives are to focus rice-sector
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Drying rice in southern Vietnam. sc
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Table 1. Production and consumption
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Table 3. Population growth versus r
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Table 4. Comparison of domestic ric
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Rice in Europe and the Mediterranea
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Page 78 and 79: Rice in North America Rice in North
Page 80 and 81: Large-scale mechanized rice farmers
Page 82 and 83: Rice in Latin America and the Carib
Page 84 and 85: Experimental rice plots in Uruguay.
Page 86 and 87: Table 1. Production, consumption, a
Page 88 and 89: occur only by shifting out of other
Page 90 and 91: The top 10 rice-producing countries
Page 92 and 93: eastern, and south-central areas, w
Page 94 and 95: Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
Page 96 and 97: The Rajasthan desert extending west
Page 100 and 101: malnutrition among children age 2-5
Page 104 and 105: Recent developments in the rice sec
Page 112 and 113: in 1999 and grew at 0.9%/yr during
Page 120 and 121: country. This is because rice has e
Page 124 and 125: incidence of malnutrition among chi
Page 128 and 129: consumption of cassava. Rice suppli
Page 132 and 133: AFGHANISTAN is a landlocked country
Page 134 and 135: ARGENTINA extends down the Atlantic
Page 136 and 137: The island continent of AUSTRALIA i
Page 138 and 139: BHUTAN, surrounded by India and Chi
Page 140 and 141: BOLIVIA is a landlocked country of
Page 142 and 143: BURKINA FASO, previously Upper Volt
Page 144 and 145: CAMBODIA lies between 10° and 15°
Page 146 and 147: CAMEROON is a West African nation b
Page 148 and 149: The Republic of CHAD is a landlocke
Page 150 and 151: COLOMBIA faces both the Pacific Oce
Page 152 and 153: The Democratic Republic of the CONG
Page 154 and 155: CÔTE D’IVOIRE is centrally locat
Page 156 and 157: CUBA is the main island of the Cuba
Page 158 and 159: The DOMINICAN REPUBLIC occupies an
Page 160 and 161: ECUADOR, on the tropical Pacific co
Page 162 and 163: EGYPT, a large nation of 1 million
Page 164 and 165: FRANCE, in western Europe, consists
Page 166 and 167: The GAMBIA is a very small tropical
Page 168 and 169: The Republic of GHANA, a small (240
Page 170 and 171: GREECE, in the eastern Mediterranea
Page 172 and 173: GUINEA is a populous country (popul
Page 174 and 175: GUINEA BISSAU is a tiny (36,000 km
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GUYANA, a small country, with 215,0
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IRAN is a Middle Eastern country bo
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ITALY is the main rice-producing co
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KOREA DPR occupies the northern par
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REPUBLIC OF KOREA, occupying the so
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Lao PDR is an elongated, landlocked
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LIBERIA, whose coast is known as th
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MADAGASCAR, a large island east of
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MALAYSIA consists of a peninsula, b
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MALI, one of the larger West Africa
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MAURITANIA is a large West African
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MEXICO, at the southern end of Nort
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MOZAMBIQUE extends nearly 2,500 km
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NEPAL is a small (141,000 km 2 ) co
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NICARAGUA, a small country of 130,0
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NIGER is one of the larger Central
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NIGERIA is the most populous countr
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PAKISTAN, a South Asian country fac
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PARAGUAY, a relatively small landlo
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PERU faces the Pacific Ocean on the
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PORTUGAL, the westernmost country o
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The RUSSIAN FEDERATION in northern
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SENEGAL is a West African country f
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SIERRA LEONE, between Guinea and Li
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SPAIN, in southwestern Europe, has
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SRI LANKA, a small island at the so
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SURINAME is a small Latin American
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TANZANIA is a large country between
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TURKEY, a diverse land of 780,000 k
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The UNITED STATES, occupying the ce
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URUGUAY, a relatively small South A
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VENEZUELA forms part of the norther
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Rice-related databases Inquiries ca
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7. Name: RICE ECOSYSTEMS Location:
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22. Name: NURSERIES Location: CIAT
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37. Name: PERIO Location: WARDA Lib
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52. Name: IR64 MUTANT DATABASE Loca
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India Indonesia Japan 1 quintal = 1
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Egypt Ghana Guyana Malawi Mexico Pa
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Rice facts Freshwater resources per
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Rice facts RICE PRODUCTION Selected
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