Maclean et al. - 2002 - Rice almanac source book for the most important e

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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500 80 Calorie share Protein share 400 Production Area Yield 60 300 40 200 20 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Share of calories and protein from rice, 1966-99 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2000 Indices of rice production, area, and yield, 1966-2000 Kg/capita 500 400 300 200 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Per capita production (paddy terms), 1966-99 Percent 100 80 Exports 60 40 20 0 –20 –40 –60 Imports –80 –100 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Net trade status, 1966-99 Basic statistics, China 1985 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 Rice Area harvested (ha) 32,633,684 33,518,971 31,107,479 31,571,500 31,637,100 30,503,100 Yield (t/ha) 5.2 5.7 6.0 6.4 6.3 6.2 Production (t) 171,318,871 191,614,680 187,297,968 200,571,557 200,403,308 190,168,300 Rice imports (t) na na na 246,892 172,106 na Paddy imports (t) 0 465 173 229 258 na Rice exports (t) 1,045,848 405,381 235,934 3,791,615 2,819,010 na Paddy exports (t) 0 203 1,308 1,889 4,953 na Others Population, total (×10 3 ) 1,075,936 1,161,382 1,227,170 1,262,817 1,274,107 na Population, agriculture (×10 3 ) 783,923 834,688 850,299 854,536 855,167 na Agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 495,897 531,398 534,701 535,566 na na Irrigated agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 44,584 47,967 49,859 52,582 na na Total fertilizer consumption (t) 16,851,600 27,027,408 35,181,200 35,077,600 na na Tractors used in agric. (no.) 861,364 824,113 685,202 704,070 na na Source: FAOSTAT online database. Rice around the world 89
India General information • GNI per capita PPP$, 2000: 2,340 • Internal renewable water resources: 1,850 km 3 • Incoming water flow: 235 km 3 • Main food consumed: rice, wheat, sugar and honey, millet and sorghum, oil and fat • Rice consumption, 1999: 74.2 kg milled rice per person per year Production season Planting Harvesting Kharif early Mar-May Jun-Oct Kharif medium Jun-Oct Nov-Feb Rabi Nov-Feb Mar-Jun India extends between 8°4′ and 37°6′ N latitude and 68°7′ and 97°25′ E longitude. It measures about 3,214 km from north to south between the extreme latitudes and about 2,933 km from east to west between the extreme longitudes. It has a land frontier of about 15,200 km. The mainland comprises four regions: the great mountain zone, plains of the Ganges and the Indus rivers, the desert region, and the southern peninsula. On its northern frontiers, India is bounded by the Great Himalayas, which are three almost parallel ranges interspersed with large plateaus and valleys, such as the Kashmir and Kullu valleys, that are very fertile. India lies in five agroecological zones: AEZ 1, characterized by warm and semiarid tropics; AEZ 2, warm subhumid tropics; AEZ 5, warm arid and semiarid subtropics with summer rainfall; AEZ 6, warm subhumid tropics with summer rainfall; and AEZ 8, cool subtropics with summer rainfall. Most rice is grown in AEZs 1, 2, and 6. The climate of India can be described as tropical monsoon type. There are four seasons: winter (December-February), summer (March- May), rainy southwestern monsoon (June- September), and postmonsoon, also known as northeastern monsoon in the southern peninsula (October-November). The beginning of winter and summer periods differs in different regions. Four broad climatic regions are identified based on rainfall. The whole of Assam and the west coast of India lying at the foot of the Western Ghats and extending from the north of Mumbai (earlier Bombay) to Thiruvanthapuram (earlier Trivandrum) are areas of high rainfall. 90 Rice almanac
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Third Edition Source Book for the M
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Contents Foreword v Acknowledgments
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Foreword The first edition of the R
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The facts of rice Production Rice f
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Transplanting is the planting of 1-
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Ecogeographic differentiation Indic
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Table 3. World rice area, yield, an
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from working on these farms. In the
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The rice plant and its ecology Morp
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Flag leaf blade Axis Spikelet (flor
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Table 1. Typical profile of a flood
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Korea 8 CHINA 8 5 6 Japan 5 PAKISTA
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growth duration (around 100 d), gre
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and high levels of exchangeable Al.
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In these environments, rice yields
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insects, spiders, and microorganism
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Predator movements between habitats
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Wolf spiders feed on a range of ins
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terraces of the northern Philippine
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precursors of vitamin A—beta-caro
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Hybrid breeding has also begun with
Page 44 and 45: UV radiation effects UV-B radiation
Page 46 and 47: year, was actually less than 19 mil
Page 48 and 49: herbicide was present, these select
Page 50 and 51: 2. Water-limited production. 3. Wat
Page 52 and 53: tive mechanisms of the three intern
Page 54 and 55: Integrated Natural Resource Managem
Page 56 and 57: evaluate prototype technologies for
Page 58 and 59: eaches of river systems, in which a
Page 60 and 61: to be combined in a coherent and co
Page 62 and 63: natural resource base. To fulfill t
Page 64 and 65: objectives are to focus rice-sector
Page 66 and 67: Drying rice in southern Vietnam. sc
Page 68 and 69: Table 1. Production and consumption
Page 70 and 71: Table 3. Population growth versus r
Page 72 and 73: Table 4. Comparison of domestic ric
Page 74 and 75: Rice in Europe and the Mediterranea
Page 76 and 77: flooding the rice field to stimulat
Page 78 and 79: Rice in North America Rice in North
Page 80 and 81: Large-scale mechanized rice farmers
Page 82 and 83: Rice in Latin America and the Carib
Page 84 and 85: Experimental rice plots in Uruguay.
Page 86 and 87: Table 1. Production, consumption, a
Page 88 and 89: occur only by shifting out of other
Page 90 and 91: The top 10 rice-producing countries
Page 92 and 93: eastern, and south-central areas, w
Page 96 and 97: The Rajasthan desert extending west
Page 98 and 99: Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
Page 100 and 101: malnutrition among children age 2-5
Page 104 and 105: Recent developments in the rice sec
Page 112 and 113: in 1999 and grew at 0.9%/yr during
Page 120 and 121: country. This is because rice has e
Page 124 and 125: incidence of malnutrition among chi
Page 128 and 129: consumption of cassava. Rice suppli
Page 132 and 133: AFGHANISTAN is a landlocked country
Page 134 and 135: ARGENTINA extends down the Atlantic
Page 136 and 137: The island continent of AUSTRALIA i
Page 138 and 139: BHUTAN, surrounded by India and Chi
Page 140 and 141: BOLIVIA is a landlocked country of
Page 142 and 143: BURKINA FASO, previously Upper Volt
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CAMBODIA lies between 10° and 15°
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CAMEROON is a West African nation b
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The Republic of CHAD is a landlocke
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COLOMBIA faces both the Pacific Oce
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The Democratic Republic of the CONG
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CÔTE D’IVOIRE is centrally locat
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CUBA is the main island of the Cuba
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The DOMINICAN REPUBLIC occupies an
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ECUADOR, on the tropical Pacific co
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EGYPT, a large nation of 1 million
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FRANCE, in western Europe, consists
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The GAMBIA is a very small tropical
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The Republic of GHANA, a small (240
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GREECE, in the eastern Mediterranea
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GUINEA is a populous country (popul
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GUINEA BISSAU is a tiny (36,000 km
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GUYANA, a small country, with 215,0
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IRAN is a Middle Eastern country bo
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ITALY is the main rice-producing co
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KOREA DPR occupies the northern par
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REPUBLIC OF KOREA, occupying the so
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Lao PDR is an elongated, landlocked
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LIBERIA, whose coast is known as th
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MADAGASCAR, a large island east of
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MALAYSIA consists of a peninsula, b
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MALI, one of the larger West Africa
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MAURITANIA is a large West African
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MEXICO, at the southern end of Nort
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MOZAMBIQUE extends nearly 2,500 km
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NEPAL is a small (141,000 km 2 ) co
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NICARAGUA, a small country of 130,0
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NIGER is one of the larger Central
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NIGERIA is the most populous countr
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PAKISTAN, a South Asian country fac
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PARAGUAY, a relatively small landlo
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PERU faces the Pacific Ocean on the
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PORTUGAL, the westernmost country o
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The RUSSIAN FEDERATION in northern
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SENEGAL is a West African country f
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SIERRA LEONE, between Guinea and Li
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SPAIN, in southwestern Europe, has
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SRI LANKA, a small island at the so
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SURINAME is a small Latin American
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TANZANIA is a large country between
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TURKEY, a diverse land of 780,000 k
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The UNITED STATES, occupying the ce
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URUGUAY, a relatively small South A
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VENEZUELA forms part of the norther
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Rice-related databases Inquiries ca
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7. Name: RICE ECOSYSTEMS Location:
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22. Name: NURSERIES Location: CIAT
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37. Name: PERIO Location: WARDA Lib
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52. Name: IR64 MUTANT DATABASE Loca
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India Indonesia Japan 1 quintal = 1
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Egypt Ghana Guyana Malawi Mexico Pa
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Rice facts Freshwater resources per
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Rice facts RICE PRODUCTION Selected
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