Maclean et al. - 2002 - Rice almanac source book for the most important e

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The Republic of GHANA, a small (240,000 km 2 ), tropical West African country bordering the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean, is predominantly agricultural (40% of GDP), with 60% of the workforce employed in agriculture on wide savannas in the north and cleared rainforest in the south. Deforestation and desertification are of increasing concern. The population in 1999 was 19.7 million. General information • GNI per capita PPP$, 2000: 1,910 • Internal renewable water resources: 30.3 km 3 • Incoming water flow: 22.9 km 3 • Main food consumed: roots and tubers, maize, oil and fat, fruits, millet and sorghum • Rice consumption, 1999: 8.8 kg milled rice per person per year Production constraints The major constraints to sustainable rice production in Ghana are • Drought in upland areas and drought and flash flood in rainfed lowland (or inland swamp) areas because of irregular weather • Lack of suitable varieties for irrigated and rainfed lowland (or swamp) areas • Inadequate and irregular input supplies: seeds, fertilizer, and credit • Lack of small farm equipment, especially for postharvest operations • Lack of effective farmers’ organizations and cooperatives • Poor maintenance of irrigation facilities • Lack of well-defined rice policies • Poor road networks and marketing systems • Labor shortage because of competition from other crops • Weak research and extension support Production season Planting Harvesting Main season May-Jun Oct-Nov Off-season Jan-Feb May-Jun 164 Rice almanac
Percent 100 80 60 40 20 Calorie share Protein share Index (1966 = 100) 600 500 400 300 200 100 Production Area Yield 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Share of calories and protein from rice, 1966-99 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2000 Indices of rice production, area, and yield, 1966-2000 The scale on this graph is not comparable with the scale on production, area, and yield graphs for most other countries. Kg/capita 500 400 300 200 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Per capita production (paddy terms), 1966-99 Percent 100 80 Exports 60 40 20 0 –20 –40 –60 –80 Imports –100 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Net trade status, 1966-99 Basic statistics, Republic of Ghana 1985 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 Rice Area harvested (ha) 68,000 49,000 99,900 130,400 130,000 130,000 Yield (t/ha) 1.2 1.7 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.6 Production (t) 80,000 80,900 201,720 193,600 209,750 209,750 Rice imports (t) 60,000 113,000 106,000 77,986 69,131 na Paddy imports (t) 0 0 0 1,718 31 na Rice exports (t) 0 0 0 108 734 na Paddy exports (t) 0 0 0 166 67 na Others Population, total (×10 3 ) 12,933 15,128 17,649 19,162 19,678 na Population, agriculture (×10 3 ) 7,723 8,870 10,130 10,858 11,104 na Agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 12,400 12,605 12,900 13,628 na na Irrigated agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 7 8 11 11 na na Total fertilizer consumption (t) 12,500 13,000 9,700 15,140 na na Tractors used in agric. (no.) 4,120 4,120 3,700 3,570 na na Source: FAOSTAT online database. Rice around the world 165
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Third Edition Source Book for the M
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Contents Foreword v Acknowledgments
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Foreword The first edition of the R
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The facts of rice Production Rice f
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Transplanting is the planting of 1-
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Ecogeographic differentiation Indic
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Table 3. World rice area, yield, an
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from working on these farms. In the
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The rice plant and its ecology Morp
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Flag leaf blade Axis Spikelet (flor
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Table 1. Typical profile of a flood
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Korea 8 CHINA 8 5 6 Japan 5 PAKISTA
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growth duration (around 100 d), gre
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and high levels of exchangeable Al.
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In these environments, rice yields
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insects, spiders, and microorganism
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Predator movements between habitats
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Wolf spiders feed on a range of ins
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terraces of the northern Philippine
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precursors of vitamin A—beta-caro
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Hybrid breeding has also begun with
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UV radiation effects UV-B radiation
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year, was actually less than 19 mil
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herbicide was present, these select
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2. Water-limited production. 3. Wat
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tive mechanisms of the three intern
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Integrated Natural Resource Managem
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evaluate prototype technologies for
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eaches of river systems, in which a
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to be combined in a coherent and co
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natural resource base. To fulfill t
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objectives are to focus rice-sector
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Drying rice in southern Vietnam. sc
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Table 1. Production and consumption
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Table 3. Population growth versus r
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Table 4. Comparison of domestic ric
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Rice in Europe and the Mediterranea
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flooding the rice field to stimulat
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Rice in North America Rice in North
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Large-scale mechanized rice farmers
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Rice in Latin America and the Carib
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Experimental rice plots in Uruguay.
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Table 1. Production, consumption, a
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occur only by shifting out of other
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The top 10 rice-producing countries
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eastern, and south-central areas, w
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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The Rajasthan desert extending west
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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malnutrition among children age 2-5
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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Recent developments in the rice sec
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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in 1999 and grew at 0.9%/yr during
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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Page 118 and 119: Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
Page 120 and 121: country. This is because rice has e
Page 124 and 125: incidence of malnutrition among chi
Page 128 and 129: consumption of cassava. Rice suppli
Page 132 and 133: AFGHANISTAN is a landlocked country
Page 134 and 135: ARGENTINA extends down the Atlantic
Page 136 and 137: The island continent of AUSTRALIA i
Page 138 and 139: BHUTAN, surrounded by India and Chi
Page 140 and 141: BOLIVIA is a landlocked country of
Page 142 and 143: BURKINA FASO, previously Upper Volt
Page 144 and 145: CAMBODIA lies between 10° and 15°
Page 146 and 147: CAMEROON is a West African nation b
Page 148 and 149: The Republic of CHAD is a landlocke
Page 150 and 151: COLOMBIA faces both the Pacific Oce
Page 152 and 153: The Democratic Republic of the CONG
Page 154 and 155: CÔTE D’IVOIRE is centrally locat
Page 156 and 157: CUBA is the main island of the Cuba
Page 158 and 159: The DOMINICAN REPUBLIC occupies an
Page 160 and 161: ECUADOR, on the tropical Pacific co
Page 162 and 163: EGYPT, a large nation of 1 million
Page 164 and 165: FRANCE, in western Europe, consists
Page 166 and 167: The GAMBIA is a very small tropical
Page 170 and 171: GREECE, in the eastern Mediterranea
Page 172 and 173: GUINEA is a populous country (popul
Page 174 and 175: GUINEA BISSAU is a tiny (36,000 km
Page 176 and 177: GUYANA, a small country, with 215,0
Page 178 and 179: IRAN is a Middle Eastern country bo
Page 180 and 181: ITALY is the main rice-producing co
Page 182 and 183: KOREA DPR occupies the northern par
Page 184 and 185: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, occupying the so
Page 186 and 187: Lao PDR is an elongated, landlocked
Page 188 and 189: LIBERIA, whose coast is known as th
Page 190 and 191: MADAGASCAR, a large island east of
Page 192 and 193: MALAYSIA consists of a peninsula, b
Page 194 and 195: MALI, one of the larger West Africa
Page 196 and 197: MAURITANIA is a large West African
Page 198 and 199: MEXICO, at the southern end of Nort
Page 200 and 201: MOZAMBIQUE extends nearly 2,500 km
Page 202 and 203: NEPAL is a small (141,000 km 2 ) co
Page 204 and 205: NICARAGUA, a small country of 130,0
Page 206 and 207: NIGER is one of the larger Central
Page 208 and 209: NIGERIA is the most populous countr
Page 210 and 211: PAKISTAN, a South Asian country fac
Page 212 and 213: PARAGUAY, a relatively small landlo
Page 214 and 215: PERU faces the Pacific Ocean on the
Page 216 and 217: PORTUGAL, the westernmost country o
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The RUSSIAN FEDERATION in northern
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SENEGAL is a West African country f
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SIERRA LEONE, between Guinea and Li
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SPAIN, in southwestern Europe, has
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SRI LANKA, a small island at the so
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SURINAME is a small Latin American
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TANZANIA is a large country between
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TURKEY, a diverse land of 780,000 k
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The UNITED STATES, occupying the ce
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URUGUAY, a relatively small South A
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VENEZUELA forms part of the norther
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Rice-related databases Inquiries ca
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7. Name: RICE ECOSYSTEMS Location:
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22. Name: NURSERIES Location: CIAT
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37. Name: PERIO Location: WARDA Lib
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52. Name: IR64 MUTANT DATABASE Loca
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India Indonesia Japan 1 quintal = 1
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Egypt Ghana Guyana Malawi Mexico Pa
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Rice facts Freshwater resources per
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Rice facts RICE PRODUCTION Selected
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