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The DOMINICAN REPUBLIC occupies an area of 49,000 km 2 , the major part of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, with Haiti occupying the smaller, western part of the island. The Dominican Republic had a population of 8.4 million in 1999, and about a quarter of the workforce is engaged in agriculture, which makes up 14% of the GDP. It is a tropical country with extensive fertile areas lying between mountain ranges; about 20% is arable land. General information • GNI per capita PPP$, 2000: 5,710 • Internal renewable water resources: 20 km 3 • Main food consumed: rice, oil and fat, sugar and honey, fruits, wheat • Rice consumption, 1999: 42.9 kg milled rice per person per year Production constraints There are several constraints to sustainable rice production in the Dominican Republic: • Limited irrigation water supply and poor maintenance of irrigation infrastructure • Poor drainage in the Yuma and Camu river basins and salinity problems in valleys and basins of the Yaque River in Dajabón • Yield potentials of irrigated rice varieties have reached a plateau • Weed competition: Heteranthera reniformis, Echinochloa colona, Ischaemum rugosum • Blast, rice hoja blanca virus, Helminthosporium oryzae, Corticium sasaki, Cercospora oryzae • Insects: Lissorhoptrus orizophilus, thrips, Spodoptera frijiperda, Solubea sp. • High production costs, lack of credit supply • National policy of maintaining low food (rice) prices for urban consumers Production season Planting Harvesting Main season Mar-Apr Jul-Aug 154 Rice almanac
Percent 100 80 60 Calorie share Protein share Index (1966 = 100) 500 400 300 Production Area Yield 40 200 20 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Share of calories and protein from rice, 1966-99 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2000 Indices of rice production, area, and yield, 1966-2000 Kg/capita 500 400 300 200 100 0 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Per capita production (paddy terms), 1966-99 Percent 100 80 Exports 60 40 20 0 –20 –40 –60 Imports –80 –100 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 1999 Net trade status, 1966-99 Basic statistics, Dominican Republic 1985 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 Rice Area harvested (ha) 110,301 89,361 101,988 111,123 124,719 129,290 Yield (t/ha) 4.5 4.8 4.8 4.34.6 4.1 Production (t) 493,756 427,597 486,741 474,595 574,357 527,014 Rice imports (t) 12,455 41,000 47,900 66,000 82,100 na Others Population, total (×10 3 ) 6,376 7,110 7,823 8,232 8,364 na Population, agriculture (×10 3 ) 1,907 1,866 1,686 1,576 1,540 na Agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 3,522 3,590 3,609 3,639 na na Irrigated agricultural area (×10 3 ha) 198 225 259 259 na na Total fertilizer consumption (t) 61,000 88,790 94,000 95,500 na na Tractors used in agric. (no.) 2,250 2,330 2,350 2,350 na na Source: FAOSTAT online database. Rice around the world 155
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Third Edition Source Book for the M
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Contents Foreword v Acknowledgments
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Foreword The first edition of the R
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The facts of rice Production Rice f
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Transplanting is the planting of 1-
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Ecogeographic differentiation Indic
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Table 3. World rice area, yield, an
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from working on these farms. In the
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The rice plant and its ecology Morp
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Flag leaf blade Axis Spikelet (flor
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Table 1. Typical profile of a flood
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Korea 8 CHINA 8 5 6 Japan 5 PAKISTA
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growth duration (around 100 d), gre
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and high levels of exchangeable Al.
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In these environments, rice yields
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insects, spiders, and microorganism
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Predator movements between habitats
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Wolf spiders feed on a range of ins
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terraces of the northern Philippine
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precursors of vitamin A—beta-caro
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Hybrid breeding has also begun with
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UV radiation effects UV-B radiation
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year, was actually less than 19 mil
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herbicide was present, these select
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2. Water-limited production. 3. Wat
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tive mechanisms of the three intern
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Integrated Natural Resource Managem
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evaluate prototype technologies for
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eaches of river systems, in which a
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to be combined in a coherent and co
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natural resource base. To fulfill t
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objectives are to focus rice-sector
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Drying rice in southern Vietnam. sc
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Table 1. Production and consumption
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Table 3. Population growth versus r
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Table 4. Comparison of domestic ric
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Rice in Europe and the Mediterranea
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flooding the rice field to stimulat
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Rice in North America Rice in North
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Large-scale mechanized rice farmers
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Rice in Latin America and the Carib
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Experimental rice plots in Uruguay.
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Table 1. Production, consumption, a
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occur only by shifting out of other
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The top 10 rice-producing countries
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eastern, and south-central areas, w
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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The Rajasthan desert extending west
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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malnutrition among children age 2-5
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
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Recent developments in the rice sec
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Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
Page 108 and 109: Recent developments in the rice sec
Page 110 and 111: Percent 100 Index (1966 = 100) 500
Page 112 and 113: in 1999 and grew at 0.9%/yr during
Page 116 and 117: Recent developments in the rice sec
Page 120 and 121: country. This is because rice has e
Page 124 and 125: incidence of malnutrition among chi
Page 128 and 129: consumption of cassava. Rice suppli
Page 132 and 133: AFGHANISTAN is a landlocked country
Page 134 and 135: ARGENTINA extends down the Atlantic
Page 136 and 137: The island continent of AUSTRALIA i
Page 138 and 139: BHUTAN, surrounded by India and Chi
Page 140 and 141: BOLIVIA is a landlocked country of
Page 142 and 143: BURKINA FASO, previously Upper Volt
Page 144 and 145: CAMBODIA lies between 10° and 15°
Page 146 and 147: CAMEROON is a West African nation b
Page 148 and 149: The Republic of CHAD is a landlocke
Page 150 and 151: COLOMBIA faces both the Pacific Oce
Page 152 and 153: The Democratic Republic of the CONG
Page 154 and 155: CÔTE D’IVOIRE is centrally locat
Page 156 and 157: CUBA is the main island of the Cuba
Page 160 and 161: ECUADOR, on the tropical Pacific co
Page 162 and 163: EGYPT, a large nation of 1 million
Page 164 and 165: FRANCE, in western Europe, consists
Page 166 and 167: The GAMBIA is a very small tropical
Page 168 and 169: The Republic of GHANA, a small (240
Page 170 and 171: GREECE, in the eastern Mediterranea
Page 172 and 173: GUINEA is a populous country (popul
Page 174 and 175: GUINEA BISSAU is a tiny (36,000 km
Page 176 and 177: GUYANA, a small country, with 215,0
Page 178 and 179: IRAN is a Middle Eastern country bo
Page 180 and 181: ITALY is the main rice-producing co
Page 182 and 183: KOREA DPR occupies the northern par
Page 184 and 185: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, occupying the so
Page 186 and 187: Lao PDR is an elongated, landlocked
Page 188 and 189: LIBERIA, whose coast is known as th
Page 190 and 191: MADAGASCAR, a large island east of
Page 192 and 193: MALAYSIA consists of a peninsula, b
Page 194 and 195: MALI, one of the larger West Africa
Page 196 and 197: MAURITANIA is a large West African
Page 198 and 199: MEXICO, at the southern end of Nort
Page 200 and 201: MOZAMBIQUE extends nearly 2,500 km
Page 202 and 203: NEPAL is a small (141,000 km 2 ) co
Page 204 and 205: NICARAGUA, a small country of 130,0
Page 206 and 207: NIGER is one of the larger Central
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NIGERIA is the most populous countr
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PAKISTAN, a South Asian country fac
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PARAGUAY, a relatively small landlo
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PERU faces the Pacific Ocean on the
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PORTUGAL, the westernmost country o
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The RUSSIAN FEDERATION in northern
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SENEGAL is a West African country f
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SIERRA LEONE, between Guinea and Li
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SPAIN, in southwestern Europe, has
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SRI LANKA, a small island at the so
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SURINAME is a small Latin American
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TANZANIA is a large country between
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TURKEY, a diverse land of 780,000 k
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The UNITED STATES, occupying the ce
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URUGUAY, a relatively small South A
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VENEZUELA forms part of the norther
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Rice-related databases Inquiries ca
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7. Name: RICE ECOSYSTEMS Location:
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22. Name: NURSERIES Location: CIAT
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37. Name: PERIO Location: WARDA Lib
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52. Name: IR64 MUTANT DATABASE Loca
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India Indonesia Japan 1 quintal = 1
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Egypt Ghana Guyana Malawi Mexico Pa
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Rice facts Freshwater resources per
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Rice facts RICE PRODUCTION Selected
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