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Table 3. Selected sprawl indicators (process indicators in italics).
Density Pattern Surface
(1) Urban density (4) Effective share of open space (8) Share of urbanised land
(2) Change in urban density (5) Patch density (9) New consumption
(3) Greenfield development rate (6) Mean shape index
(7) Openness index
balanced representation of the multi-criteria framework described above. Section 3.4 describes
in detail what criteria have been applied for this selection. In addition, each indicator group
aims to cover static and process aspects of urban sprawl. The multi-criteria framework is
reflected in the categorisation of sprawl indicators in surface, pattern and density groups in
the table header.
The map in Figure 2 gives a general impression over the geography for which our
measurement approach was developed, the Federal Republic of Germany. It shows the 16
federal units (‘Bundesländer’), together with the main cities and urbanised areas (grey areas)
Figure 2. Germany: administration and main urban areas.
Journal of Land Use Science 81