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Annex 1. (Continued)
Formula
P
Pt
P
UAt
P
Pt 1
P
UAt 1
·100
Definitions
with P = population, UA = urban area
Urban area: aggregate measure for residential, commercial, industrial land and land
in transportation infrastructure (= ‘Siedlungs- und Verkehrsfläche’)
Population: number of people registered as usual residents in a municipality
References
(selected)
Anthony (2004), Schneider and Woodcock (2008)
Indicator 3 Greenfield development rate
Description Number of new dwellings between two base years compared to new residential area
(‘greenfield area’) (dwellings per hectare)
Dimension Density
Value domain 0–610
Base year(s) 1996, 2004
Source Area statistics
Software ArcGIS 9.2
Implementation (1) Summarise new dwellings built between 1996 and 2004 per municipality
(2) Subtract residential area 1996 from residential area 2004 for each municipality
(3) Calculate the ratio between summarised dwellings and residential area result per
municipality
(4) For each grid cell, calculate an area weighted mean value for the greenfield
Formula
P
development
P
rates of the municipalities that intersect as per the formula below
Dt Dt 1
P RAt
P RAt 1
with D = Number of dwellings, RA = Residential area
Definitions Dwellings: constructed buildings that require building consents or notifications
New Residential area (= ‘greenfield’): new area for housing and related open
space (backyards, storage, etc.)
References Siedentop, Heiland, Lehmann and Schauerte-Lüke (2007)
Indicator 4 Effective share of open space
Description Measures line lengths of ‘undisturbed’ open space within a grid of regular lines.
Through its calculation formulae it puts more weight on longer stretches of open
space, thus assigning exponentially higher values to larger undisturbed areas; the
effective share of open space is the weighted ratio between line segments in open
space and line segments in urban areas
Dimension Pattern
Value domain 0–0.89
Base year(s) 2000
Source CORINE land cover
Software ArcGIS 9.2
Implementation (1) Construct a sub-grid of lines (1 · 1 km) for each 10 · 10 km cell
(2) Use the geoprocessing routine ‘‘Erase’’ in ArcGIS to delete the lines that
intersect urban area polygons
(3) Summarise the remaining line lengths for each cell
Formula
(4) Apply formula below
Pn Pmi !
2
n þ Pk Pli !
2
!
k 2
dfwi;j dwi
i¼1 j¼1
Journal of Land Use Science 101
dfsi;j dsi
i¼1 j¼1
with
dfw i,j and dfs i,j = Length of analysis lines outside urban areas (west-east; northsouth)
dwi and dsi = Total length of analysis lines
n = Number of analysis lines, west-east
(Continued )