Movies for TV - Early Television Foundation

214 FUNDAMENTALS
that the start of the sequence is in the gate. Then the same system
is followed as before.
The method described below is normally followed on the
optical printer as will be guessed by the description. Assuming
that there is a sequence which is required as the background for
a title and it cannot be refilmed for combined titling and an optical
printer is not available a camera can be used as a printer. The
method to be described is essentially the same as with a printer;
only the equipment is different. In effect, the camera operates as
a contact printer: that is, with the films in it in contact as distinct
from the optical printer in which the film to be printed is projected
onto the raw stock. Some cameras will take three films at once,
but almost all will take two. Therefore, assuming that the camera
to be used takes two films, the film to be copied is placed in the
camera with its emulsion in contact with the emulsion of the
negative
film on the lens side of the raw stock. The lens is set to
a stop a little larger than normally used, about one stop usually,
and exposed with the lens pointing to the sun or a white card well
illuminated. If the film to be copied is placed in the camera with
the emulsion away from the negative emulsion, a slightly diffused
picture will result due to the fact that the picture definition falls
off
slightly with the distance from the picture to the emulsion.
After the film has been exposed it is rewound, the background film
removed, and the title as set up is filmed over the top of the first
exposure. This then results in a combined print
of the two se-
quences. It sounds complicated and awkward ; it is not really hard,
and all operations sound and are, more difficult without the proper
tools, but it produces excellent results. Positive, negative, or re-
versal film may be used according to the final result required and
the side of the film on which the emulsion has to be to match the
rest of the film.
The last method comes under the heading of process photography.
The film to be used for the background is threaded in the
projector which throws a picture onto a ground glass or other type
to film the screen. There
of opaque screen. The camera is set up
are two difficult problems involved here. One is the amount of